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What is Elbow Dysplasia? The condition eventually causes pain whenever the forelimb is moved and may eventually cause arthritis. Trauma to the elbow joint can also lead to changes within the elbow that mimic elbow dysplasia, but this disease results from genetic factors that cause abnormalities in joint formation, not trauma. Symptoms of Elbow Dysplasia: Dogs who have elbow dysplasia may show signs of the disease by suffering from mild to moderate pain and lameness in their forelimbs as early as four months old or they may not have any symptoms until later in their life. Even though the disease can manifest at any age, it is commonly diagnosed when dogs are around two years old. Dog owners frequently take the dog to the vet complaining of stiffness in the front legs but both elbow joints are usually affected. How soon a dog will show symptoms is related to how severe the abnormality in the joint is. Dogs eventually develop arthritis inflammation in the joint from years of the parts of the joint rubbing against each other. On physical examination the vet may find pain when the elbow is manipulated. There may also be swelling, crepitus a crunching noise and a decrease in the range of motion the dog has. There are different types of elbow dysplasia and the vet may order a CT scan to identify which type of elbow dysplasia the dog has. In addition, arthroscopy surgery or open joint surgery is considered the best way to determine the extent of the damage in the joint. If arthritis has already set in it is more difficult to know how beneficial this surgery will be. Arthroscopic surgery surgically inserting a scope -is considered the best option for cases that are good candidates for surgical intervention. Open joint surgery — may also be the best option for some cases. Board-certified veterinary surgeons are advisable for the surgical diagnosis and treatment of all forms of elbow dysplasia. Elbow replacement surgery — is currently being researched, but still unavailable. Non-Surgical Options: We can manage pain by treating dogs with pain relieving drugs and glucosamine and fatty acid supplements. However, due to the discomfort and debilitation a dog suffers from this disease, some dogs may have increased lameness and even a decreased lifespan. Prevention: The best way to prevent elbow dysplasia is to prevent it from occurring by not breeding dogs can pass it to future generations. Elbow dysplasia Elbow lameness: In a young dog, a deformed elbow may be the problem The term dysplasia refers to a developmental defect, where abnormal cells appear in a particular type of tissue or organ. And while hip dysplasia tends to get the headlines for canine orthopedic health, elbow dysplasia can be equally debilitating. Elbow dysplasia is the second-most common cause of elbow lameness in dogs. The first is osteoarthritis, which can be associated with elbow dysplasia. Breed prevalence Rottweilers, Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherd Dogs, Golden Retrievers and Chow Chows head the list of breeds with a high prevalence of this orthopedic problem, but any dog can suffer from elbow dysplasia. Large dogs are most likely to develop it, but Pugs are second on the prevalence list produced by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals. Elbow dysplasia is a genetic ailment, so breeders are encouraged not to use affected dogs in their breeding programs. While elbow dysplasia cannot be cured, it can be well-managed. With surgery and the appropriate medical management, many dogs have a good long-term prognosis. Some dogs will start refusing to exercise, with a noticeable decrease in their overall activity level. Dogs with this defect often move by turning their paw inward, noticeably holding their elbow out from the body in an attempt to shift weight off the sore part of the joint. If your dog has elbow dysplasia only on one side of their body, you or your veterinarian may notice their lameness earlier. That is the clinical picture if both elbows are affected but one side hurts more than the other. If both elbows are equally affected, then it can be more difficult to pick up on lameness. Most dogs will try to compensate with a shortened stride, and the range of motion in their joints is generally reduced. Another clue is if you see your dog manipulating their leg by extending and flexing the elbow joint — an action that is often associated with pain. Even with a more stoic dog, owners may notice some swelling of affected elbow joints along with abnormal warmth in the area. In dogs, the elbow joint involves three bones: the humerus, ulna and radius. These bones must all work together perfectly to give your dog pain-free movement in their elbow joint. Diagnosis True elbow dysplasia will not be diagnosed before 4 to 6 months of age, when the growth plates in joints are still closing. Most dogs are a couple of months older before a clear-cut diagnosis is made. Most dogs are diagnosed with elbow dysplasia by physical examination and by doing a thorough lameness evaluation at 4 to 12 months of age. In mild cases, however, affected dogs may not show lameness until 7 or 8 years of age, when arthritis kicks in. Diagnosing an elbow problem requires a thorough lameness exam with radiographs. Flexed views of both elbows can show defective areas and identify early arthritic changes. A CT scan and arthroscopic surgery to look into the joint are used to guide diagnosis and therapy. Treatment As with so many health problems, early intervention is best. For mild cases of elbow dysplasia, the goal of surgery is to remove any damaged tissues, which will often help to relieve pain, at least temporarily. Dogs with moderate-to-severe elbow deformities may need extensive surgery to realign the malformed elbow joint. A new option for dogs is surgical elbow replacement, a very difficult, expensive option. There are several elbow replacement systems available, but they all come with very serious complications. We are still diligently working on improving surgical approach and implant designs to reduce complications. Follow-up rehabilitation will be critical. Prevention For any puppy, but especially ones with a greater risk for any orthopedic defect, keeping the puppy trim as they grow is important. Your veterinarian may recommend some joint supplements right from a young age, even for normal pups, and they will encourage moderate exercise. This is when your dog repetitively jumps down off the bed, off the couch, out of your car and other similar movements. Going down long flights of stairs frequently can also add trauma. Many breeders recommend that puppies avoid more than 2 or 3 stairs until 6 months of age or older since the potential for damage is worse for puppies than for adult dogs. Rigorous use of screenings for breeding animals with full public information is currently the best bet for decreasing cases of elbow dysplasia. Normal parents may produce elbow problems, but the incidence is much lower than if one or both parents have bad elbows themselves. He personally recommends taking action as soon as possible to detect pain and lameness early, perform an arthroscopic coronoidectomy, followed by intensive non-surgical supportive care. It has been a humbling experience," he says. I believe it is arrogant to think we can fix it once the problem develops. Some dogs feel very sore with a Grade 1 diagnosis, whereas others rated Grade 3 are minimally lame. Grade 1: Minimal bone change along the anconeal process of their ulna at less than 2 mm Grade 2: Additional bone proliferation along the anconeal process 2—5 mm and subchondral bone changes trochlear notch sclerosis Grade 3: Well-developed degenerative joint disease with bone proliferation along the anconeal process being greater than 5 mm There are three other processes that describe specific types of bony defects in the elbow: fragmented medial coronoid process FCP , osteochondrosis of the humeral condyle and ununited anconeal process. These all fall under the umbrella of elbow dysplasia umbrella, and they all lead to secondary arthritis. Some dogs will be affected on just one side, but many dogs will have problems with both elbows. Fragmented coronoid process is the most common. There is the potential to make them worse, and surgery is expensive. The elbow cannot correct itself. That said, if surgery is impossible for other reasons, then medical-management strategies designed to help with severe arthritis are your next-best choice. Therapies include: Weight management: Simply getting your dog to their normal weight may decrease their pain dramatically. Exercise: Moderate exercise moves the joint and builds cushion. Be sure to use proper warm-up and cool-down periods. For example, if your dog loves to play ball, a minute walk will help loosen their joints so that they can move more freely. Laser treatments, TENs transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation , ice therapy and acupuncture may be worth trying. Pain medications: Your veterinarian may recommend a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug NSAID , such as carprofen, to help keep your dog comfortable. Joint supplements: Ingredients like glucosamine, hyaluronic acid and chondroitin encourage healthy cartilage and increased joint fluid, which help act as cushions. Work with your veterinarian to choose the best supplement for your dog. Injectables: Adequan is another injectable drug that could help with the accompanying osteoarthritis and pain. Injecting platelet-rich plasma PRP into the joint has also been used with some success in canine elbow dysplasia. Synovetin OA is a new, injectable medication that uses electron therapy to target macrophages and synoviocytes in the painful elbow. It must be injected directly into the affected joint. Elbow Dysplasia Overview Canine elbow dysplasia is a common disorder and has been shown to be more prevalent than hip dysplasia in some breeds. The problem is a congenital, hereditary disease affecting young dogs, usually under one year of age. This mal-alignment causes abnormal pressure or joint loading, and chronic rubbing which wears away the cartilage resulting in severe osteoarthritis. Elbow dysplasia can be broken down into numerous underlying pathologies such as fragmented medial coronoid process, osteochondritis dissecans and medial compartment syndrome just to name a few. Definitive diagnosis is made via CT scanning and arthroscopic examination. Some cases can be treated entirely with arthroscopic procedures. Clinical signs of elbow dysplasia The primary clinical sign of canine elbow dysplasia is limping or lameness. Head bobbing at a fast walk or slow trot is typical of front limb lameness. The lameness is usually not recognizable at a run. Some dogs with elbow dysplasia are reluctant to go for long walks or play for long periods of time. Dogs with elbow dysplasia also have limited range of motion ROM in the elbow joints and have pain on elbow extension and flexion. The limited ROM may cause discomfort and difficulty when lying down in sternal position. Diagnosis of elbow dysplasia The diagnosis of canine elbow dysplasia is based on physical examination, radiographs X-rays , computerized tomography CT Scan and ultimately arthroscopy. The surgeons at CCOR can make a fairly accurate diagnosis of elbow dysplasia and discuss the next steps based on physical examination and simple X-rays alone. CT scanning is often needed for the ultimate, final treatment plan. Arthroscopy is used both as a diagnostic tool and to treat elbow dysplasia. Treatment options for elbow dysplasia The treatment options for canine elbow dysplasia depend on the actual definitive diagnosis. Non-surgical treatments include pain management, physical therapy, nutraceuticals such as glucosamine, and various intra-articular injections. All of these options may be indicated in older dogs, or in conjunction with arthroscopic treatments, but none of the above listed treatments address the underlying problem. A common misconception regarding joint injections stem cells, PRP, etc. Intra-articular injections joint injections are commonly performed but with somewhat variable clinical results. Stem cells, platelet rich plasma PRP , hyaluronic acid HA and glucocorticoid steroids are the typical products injected. Recent studies have shown clinical improvement in some dogs with elbow dysplasia treated with PRP. The duration of improvement is currently unknown, but a best guess would be 6 months. Colorado Canine Orthopedics has extensive experience with intra-articular joint injections and we would be happy to discuss the pros and cons of joint injections for individual patients. Surgical treatment options can be broken down into arthroscopic treatments, osteotomies bone cuts to realign the bones, or a combination of both. Virtually all board certified surgeons agree that dogs with elbow dysplasia require a thorough arthroscopic examination both to evaluate pathology and provide treatment. The arthroscope usually mm in diameter is passed through the opening and into the joint. Joint visualization via magnified arthroscopy is incredibly thorough comparted to open joint inspection which is minimal at best. Bone and cartilage fragments and other joint debris can be identified and removed via arthroscopy. Dogs undergoing arthroscopic elbow surgery have a fair to excellent prognosis depending on the exact diagnosis, degree of incongruency and existing osteoarthritis OA. Nearly all surgeons agree our best defense against progressive OA is to obtain an accurate diagnosis CT and arthroscopic examination , remove any free fragments and minimize abnormal joint contact. Overall, the majority of dogs with elbow problems lead a fairly normal life although some degree of OA is inevitable. Fragmented medial coronoid process Fragmented coronoid process is a subset of elbow dysplasia that affects large and giant breed dogs, particularly Retrievers, Rottweilers, Mastiffs, Bernese Mountain dogs, and German Shepherd dogs. Malalignment and overloading of the medial innermost aspect of the joint compartment are believed to be key in this pathology. Loading or abnormal weight bearing on the medial compartment leads to concurrent cartilage erosions often full thickness and possible fragmentation of the medial coronoid. Diagnosis of fragmented coronoid process and medial compartment disease can be challenging. Radiographs are helpful but not definitive. In our opinion, arthroscopy is the ideal modality for the diagnosis of fragmented coronoid process because it allows accurate diagnosis and treatment of the fragment, as well as cartilage assessment. Traditional open surgery to diagnose fragmented coronoid is antiquated. First and foremost, the surgical approach to the elbow joint that affords the surgeon a thorough inspection is invasive and has moderate post-operative morbidity. Secondly, the arthroscopic visualization of key structures is far superior to an invasive surgical approach. Treatment of fragmented coronoid process in mild cases involves arthroscopic removal of the fragmented bone and cartilage. Arthroscopy is fast, effective, and minimally invasive. Arthroscopic treatment takes between 15 and 30 minutes per elbow and virtually all dogs can be treated on an outpatient basis. In mild cases the prognosis for return to normal activity is excellent. Most dogs return to normal activity within a few weeks to a few months with little or no lameness. In moderate cases, the coronoid process is both fragmented and abnormal in size and shape, cartilage erosion is present on both the medial humeral condyle and the non-fragmented portion of the remaining medial coronoid. In these situations, the fragment is removed and a partial coronoidectomy is performed arthroscopically. An ulnar osteotomy may also be performed in moderate cases. The prognosis for moderate cases of fragmented coronoid process is less certain. If the aforementioned treatments are performed and the cartilage is in fair condition, many dogs have no or minimal lameness and the progression of arthritis is slow. Medial compartment disease In the majority of dogs with chronic severe elbow dysplasia, all of the cartilage on the medial innermost aspect of the joint is worn away, resulting in what is now termed medial compartment disease. Unfortunately, this degree of osteoarthritis is difficult to successfully treat. Arthroscopy can be used to remove any free fragments and the joint. Several osteotomies such as proximal dynamic ulnar osteotomy and PAUL procedure can also be used to treat medial compartment syndrome with variable results. Platelet rich plasma has shown some promise for short term improvement but will not promote cartilage regrowth. Elbow replacement is available, and has been performed at CCOR, but the procedure is new and long-term results are not yet available. Canine osteochondritis dissecans OCD Osteochondritis Dissecans OCD is a juvenile bone disease that can affect the shoulder, stifle, tarsal and elbow joints of young dogs. Osteochondritis Dissecans is a subset of osteochondrosis. Osteochondrosis is a failure of endochondral ossification; the process by which most bones grow and involves juvenile cartilage being replaced by bone. This failure of cartilage becoming bone results in overly thick joint cartilage adjacent to the joint figure 1. The deepest layer of this thickened cartilage is inadequately nourished resulting in cell death figure 2. Cartilage debris and inflammatory mediators are released into the joint fluid and inflammation ensues. Elbow OCD affects young large and giant breed dogs. Limping is the common clinical sign. Many dogs have pain on elbow flexion and extension, as well as limited range of motion. Radiographs are helpful in diagnosing OCD, but CT scanning and arthroscopy are used for definitive diagnosis. Treatment for elbow OCD involves arthroscopic debridement followed by a cartilage grafting procedure called osteochondral autograph transfer system OATS. Artificial cartilage plugs Synacart by Arthrex can also be used to fill the defect. Some forms of biological treatment such as platelet rich plasma or stem cells have also been advocated but will not result in cartilage regeneration despite claims made by some. Canine ununited anconeal process UAP Ununited anconeal process UAP is an elbow disorder most often affecting young German Shepherds, although it can be seen in almost any breed. The underlying problem is not clearly understood. UAP may be associated with malalignment of the elbow joint or a genetic juvenile bone disorder called osteochondrosis. The most common clinical signs are limping and swelling of the elbow joint. Clinical signs usually appear at about months of age. Radiography, CT scan and arthroscopy are used to make the diagnosis. Treatment options include arthroscopy, ulnar osteotomy, fragment removal or fragment re-attachment. Treatment should be initiated as soon as the diagnosis is made. The prognosis is fair to good. Cost of elbow disorder treatments Veterinary specialty care is a double-edged sword these days no pun intended. All major orthopedic procedures are more sophisticated, successful, and less invasive today than they were in the past. These advances come at a cost for the surgeon and client. Fees for elbow arthroscopy includes anesthesia and monitoring, nerve blocks when needed, and routine go home medication. Radiographs and CT scans are charged for separately and should be discussed at the time of the initial consultation. Osteotomies, when required, are charged for separately and should be discussed on a case by case basis. At Colorado Canine Orthopedics we are committed to providing only state of the art, non-compromised pet healthcare. We realize some pet owners may find this level of care relatively costly. However, despite the inherently expensive nature of our work, we are dedicated to providing the highest level of care at the most affordable price possible. We believe if you compare our fees to other specialty practices you will find this true. Back to Top. References 1. Clinical and pathological effects Elbow dysplasia ED is a general term that encompasses five distinct anatomical problems that tend to result in malformation of the elbow joint and to early-onset osteoarthritis. HCO, and the other four, are described below. Fragmented medial coronoid process FMCP : The medial coronoid process is a piece of bone that should form part of the top of the ulna and part of the elbow joint. In FMCP, during early development, this fails to connect to the ulna. Ununited anconeal process UAP : The anconeal process is a protrusion of the top of the ulna. Developmentally, it starts as a separate bone which should fuse to the ulna. When this fusion fails to happen, the dog suffers from a UAP. Elbow incongruity IC : Dogs with IC have malformed articular surfaces of the three bones that make up the elbow and because of this they do not fit together normally. It can affect the weight-bearing surfaces between the humerus and the radius and ulna and also the way in which the upper part of the ulna fits inside the lower end of the humerus Schwarz .Ununited medial epicondyle UME : This is an uncommon condition in which the medial epicondyle, a bone on the end of the humerus, fails to unite with the humerus during development. Here the focus is on HCO. Other forms of elbow dysplasia can also occur in this breed, especially UAP Keller et al , and HCO is also common in other dogs, particularly those of large body size. More than one form of elbow dysplasia may be seen in the same elbow. Figure 1. The three bones of the elbow joint separated and in normal alignment. In a healthy canine elbow joint the ulna and radius form a flat surface for articulation with the humerus. Image property of Phil Witte, to whom we are grateful for permission to reproduce it here. At their upper ends, the radius and part of the ulna form a flattened surface that bears the load imposed by the condyles of the humerus. The condyles of the humerus are two fist-like projections on the lower end of the humerus that articulate with the radius and ulna bones at the elbow joint. They are formed of bone covered with joint cartilage. The condyle on the inside on the side of the humerus adjacent to the body is the medial condyle, the other is the lateral condyle. Figure 2. The anterior front view of the humerus, highlighting the location of the humeral condyles. Bones grow through growth of cartilage and, as the cartilage layer thickens, the lower, older layers become ossified — that is, they turn into bone. In osteochondrosis, trauma, nutritional disturbance or other factors disturbs this process of ossification so an area of thickening cartilage develops. As cartilage has no blood supply it cannot function well when it is thicker than normal. Thick cartilage degenerates and an area of diseased cartilage forms. This may crack, cavities may form within it, and it may fragment Guthrie et al .When cartilage fragments break free into the joint the condition is called osteochondrosis dessicans,and the function of the joint is compromised. In early stages, when only cartilage is affected, the disease is only detectable with direct observation by surgery usually arthroscopy. Only later, when bone is also diseased, will changes be detectable on radiography Remy et al , Baines .Figure 3. The deeper layers of articular cartilage red covering the surface of the humeral condyles have failed to turn to bone. The result is an abnormally thick layer of cartilage, which can then crack and fragment due to a lack of blood supply, causing discomfort and inhibiting the action of the joint. Dogs with HCO develop osteoarthritis degenerative joint disease of the elbow. In osteoarthritis there are progressive changes to the cartilage of the affected joint, varying amounts of inflammation and ongoing damage to other joint structures - the joint capsule, the synovial fluid of the joint and the surrounding bone. These changes are often present by months of age but can show later. Typical signs include: stiffness after rest, lameness which can be worse after exercise and pain when the leg is straightened or bent. Such signs are indistinguishable from other causes of elbow dysplasia and imaging of the joint eg by radiography is usually needed to make a definitive diagnosis Schwarz , Shell .Affected dogs may be treated with rest and pain-killers, and often treatment needs to be life-long. Removal of the diseased cartilage is often recommended. This can be performed using open joint surgery or with an arthroscope an endoscope designed for joints via key-hole incisions. Figures 4a and 4b. Osteoarthritic changes to the shape and structure of the elbow joint. The shaded areas on figure 4a extended elbow and 4b flexed elbow represent the changes to bone and cartilage as a result of HCO and other forms of elbow dysplasia. Images property of the British Veterinary Association Elbow Dysplasia Scheme, to whom we are grateful for permission to reproduce them here. Return to top 2. Intensity of welfare impact HCO causes pain and disability associated with osteoarthritis. This can vary from mild to severe. Welfare may also be affected as a result of the veterinary investigations from visits to veterinary practices, examinations, anaesthetics and surgery and treatments of the disease for example: the side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs — examples of which include aspirin and ibuprofen - on the gastrointestinal tract. Return to top 3. Duration of welfare impact The mild to severe pain and disability that result from the osteoarthritis seen in this disease can be expected to start during the first few months of life and, without successful treatment, to continue for life. Treatment may help. Return to top 4. From data on estimates of total dog population in the UK and on the percentage of all micro-chip registered dogs that are German Shepherd dogs Lucy Asher, , personal communication , we estimate that the UK population size of this breed may be around , million. It may be, therefore, that there are about 50 - 85, dogs with this form of elbow dysplasia in the UK. Return to top 5. Determining the type of elbow dysplasia, its extent and the degree of secondary osteoarthritis requires further diagnostic investigations. Exploratory surgery is used to find fragments of bone, this is both diagnostic and can be therapeutic. It has been suggested that the best combination of diagnostic tests is CT plus arthroscopy Moores et al .Return to top 6. The heritability of the disease in GSDs has been found to be around 0. This is the proportions of the disease considered to be due to genetic rather than environmental influences. There may also be genetic factors affecting the degree of osteoarthritis that develops in an individual, independent of the genetics of the initial cause of the disease Clements et al .A genetic link between the presence of ED and hip dysplasia has been found but the genes involved have not been determined Cachon et al .Return to top 7. How do you know if an animal is a carrier or likely to become affected? Affected dogs should not be used for breeding. Determining carriers - those which carry and may pass on the gene s but which do not show signs of the disease themselves - is not currently possible. Return to top 8. Methods and prospects for elimination of the problem A voluntary scheme for grading the elbows of dogs susceptible to elbow dysplasia all forms has been in operation in the UK since although it has been suggested that breeder uptake has been relatively low Sampson .It is recommended that animals are not bred before two years of age females and 18 months males. This is so that animals selected for breeding are old enough to have revealed signs of the disease. In this scheme, dogs are scored once when over one year old. Radiographs taken by a local veterinary surgeon are forwarded to veterinary radiologists on the scheme panel for assessment. Each elbow is graded , with zero meaning that no evidence of elbow dysplasia was seen. If the two elbows have different grades, then the higher of the two grades is the one used for the dog. The scheme recommends that dogs used for breeding should have grades of zero or one and that those with higher scores are not bred from. Like other complex, multi-gene diseases in which environmental factors also play a part, good progress in reducing the prevalence of HCO is likely to be aided by greater knowledge of the underlying genetics. Treating the different forms of ED as separate entities is also likely to be helpful Innes .One approach is to breed from dogs that have better a breeding value see below than average for the breed Sampson .This takes account of both the individual being evaluated and its relatives and compares its likely genetic health to the average for the breed Malm et al .This would also take other conditions with known genetic influences into account, and there are many of these in GSDs eg degenerative myelopathy and hip dysplasia. It has been found that ED is more likely to occur in animals with hip dysplasia and both conditions should be screened for and considered in breeding programmes Cachon et al .Out-breeding GSDs with dogs of breeds known to have a much lower prevalence of HCO and of elbow dysplasia ED in general may lead to fewer being born with a lifetime of painful joint problems before them. Return to top 9. References 1. Clinical and pathological effects Elbow dysplasia ED is a general term that encompasses five distinct anatomical problems that tend to result in malformation of the elbow joint, and that lead to early-onset osteoarthritis. Ununited anconeal process UAP is one of these problems, and is the main focus here, but some of the other four conditions outlined below are referred to in the descriptions below about how UAP may develop. These conditions are: Fragmented medial coronoid process FMCP : The medial coronoid process is a piece of bone that should form part of the top of the ulna and of the elbow joint. In FMCP this fails, during development, to connect to the ulna. Osteochondrosis dissecans OCD : In OCD an area of joint cartilage develops abnormally or becomes damaged leading to thickening, cracking and fragmentation of the cartilage. Elbow incongruity IC : Dogs with IC have malformed articular surfaces of the three bones that make up the elbow and because of this they do not fit together normally. It can affect the weight-bearing surfaces between the humerus and the radius and ulna and also the way in which the upper part of the ulna fits inside the lower end of the humerus Schwarz .Ununited medial epicondyle UME : This is an uncommon condition in which the medial epicondyle, a part of the humerus, fails to unite with the humerus during development. At their upper ends, the radius and part of the ulna form a flattened surface that bears the load imposed by the humerus. The anconeal process protruberance is normally part of the end of the ulna. Its main function is not weight bearing, rather it helps to stabilize the elbow joint, particularly when the leg is extended. The anconeal process articulates with the caudal towards the tail of the dog surface of the humerus the back of the elbow joint and when the leg is extended straightened it fits into a hole at the lower end of the humerus called the humeral fossa. Figure 1. The three bones of the elbow joint separated and in normal alignment. In a healthy canine elbow joint the ulna and radius form a flat surface for articulation with the humerus. Image property of Phil Witte, to whom we are grateful for permission to reproduce it here. Figure 2. A diagram of the upper end of the ulna illustrating the locations of the coronoid and anconeal processes. But in breeds with large body size it is normal for the anconeal process to start as a separate small bone at birth, which, during development, should fuse on to the ulna. This usually occurs by 20 weeks of age. In UAP this fails to happen. The cause of this is unclear but one possibility is that it is a consequence of the radius growing disproportionately longer than the ulna such that the elbow joint is malformed and the anconeal process experiences abnormal pressures that cause it to be pushed away from the ulna, thus preventing it from fusing uniting. UAP therefore only becomes apparent in dogs aged over 20 weeks Schwarz .Figure 3. In larger dog breeds, the anconeal process forms separately. It should fuse with the ulna during development. Dogs with UAP develop osteoarthritis degenerative joint disease of the elbow. In osteoarthritis there are progressive changes to the cartilage of the affected joint, varying amounts of inflammation and ongoing damage to other joint structures - the joint capsule, the synovial fluid of the joint and the surrounding bone. These changes are often present by months of age and lead to clinical signs later. Typical signs include: stiffness after rest, lameness which can be worse after exercise and reduced mobility of the joint, with the leg tending to be held twisted outwards abducted and suppinated. Such signs are indistinguishable from those shown in other forms of elbow dysplasia and imaging of the joint is usually needed to make a definitive diagnosis Schwarz .Figure 4a Figure 4b Figures 4a and 4b. Osteoarthritic changes to the shape and structure of the elbow joint. The shaded areas on figure 4a extended elbow and 4b flexed elbow represent the changes to bone and cartilage as a result of UAP and other forms of elbow dysplasia. We are grateful to the BVA for permission to reproduce them here. This male bias may be associated with the greater weight of males Hazelwinkel .Affected dogs may be treated with rest and pain-killers, and often treatment needs to be lifelong. Various surgical procedures have been recommended but there is no clear consensus as to which is best. Return to top 2. Intensity of welfare impact UAP causes pain and disability associated with osteoarthritis. This can vary from mild to severe. Welfare may also be affected as a result of the veterinary investigations and treatments of the disease. Return to top 3. Duration of welfare impact The mild to severe pain and disability that result from the osteoarthritis seen in this disease can be expected to start during the first few months of life and, without successful treatment, to continue for life. Treatment may help but keeping affected dogs free from pain and avoiding disabilities is often challenging. Return to top 4. However, they suggested that this population of dogs may have already been prescreened to exclude dogs likely to be affected by UAP. From data on estimates of total dog population in the UK and on the percentage of all micro-chip registered dogs that are GSDs Lucy Asher , personal communication , we estimate that the UK population size of this breed may be around , Return to top 5. Diagnosis UAP can only be diagnosed in dogs older than about five months as it is normal for those breeds in which UAP occurs to have an ununited anconeal process prior to this Schwarz .Elbow disease and pain may be apparent. In cases of UAP it is more difficult to detect other concurrent forms of elbow disease Meyer-Lindenberg et al .Return to top 6. Genetics UAP is generally a disease of large dogs, as it is only in these that the anconeal process develops separately from the ulna. It is known that the father and mother contribute equally to the likelihood of the development of elbow dysplasia Maki et al .There are genetic influences both on the presence or absence of UAP and on whether, and to what degree, osteoarthritis occurs in an individual with UAP Clements et al .Return to top 7. How do you know if an animal is a carrier or likely to become affected? Affected dogs should not be used for breeding. Determining carriers - those which carry and may pass on the gene s but which do not show signs of the disease themselves - is not currently possible. Return to top 8. Methods and prospects for elimination of the problem A voluntary scheme to grade the elbows of dogs susceptible to elbow dysplasia all forms has been in operation in the UK since although it has been suggested that breeder uptake has been relatively low Sampson .In this scheme, the elbows are scored once when the dog is over one year old. Radiographs taken by a local veterinary surgeon are forwarded to veterinary radiologists on the scheme panel for assessment. Each elbow is graded , with zero meaning that no evidence of elbow dysplasia was seen. If the two elbows have different grades, the higher of the grades is the one used to characterise the dog. The scheme recommends that dogs used for breeding should have grades of zero or one and that those with higher scores should not be used for breeding. No evidence has yet been published as to whether this scheme has been effective in reducing the prevalence of elbow dysplasia in the GSD. A comparable scheme run in New Zealand since seems to have significantly reduced the severity of ED in GSDs being screened for the disease prior to breeding Worth et al and one run in Sweden since , appears to have reduced the prevalence of elbow dysplasia in Swedish Bernese Mountain dogs and Rottweilers Swenson et al , Malm et al .In common with other complex, multi-gene diseases that are influenced also by environmental factors, efforts to reduce the prevalence of UAP are complicated by the lack of information about the underlying genetics. One approach is to breed from dogs that have a better estimated breeding values EBV than average for the breed for this condition Sampson .The EBV is a numerical prediction of the relative genetic value of a particular dog in relation to one or more genetic problems and to degree of inbreeding. EBVs are calculated using all available information on the dog including pedigree, health status and physical characteristics. For this type of health programme to work many breeders and owners need to submit their animals for monitoring and analysis. EBVs are also useful because they enable selection against several hereditary diseases simultaneously and this is relevant in the case of the GSD which is predisposed to a number of hereditary disorders eg hip dysplasia, degenerative myelopathy, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, anal furunculosis. Out-breeding GSDs with breeds known to have much lower prevalences of UAP and elbow dysplasia ED is likely to result in fewer dogs being born with a lifetime of painful joint problems before them. Return to top 9.

Articles I recently visited a friend, and she had one of the loveliest dogs I have come across. So, what is an Apricot Poodle? An Apricot Poodle is a purebred Poodle whose coat is a light yellowish-orange color. Except for their color, Apricot Poodles are no different from other Poodles. If you love the Apricot Poodle and are thinking of getting yourself one, the first step is to learn as much as you can about them. This guide is going to cover all the relevant information about Apricot Poodles. Apricot Poodles have a sunny, bright color that looks like a dilution of red. Actually, it is possible for Poodle puppies born with a red coat to fade and turn apricot. Similarly, Poodle puppies born with an apricot coat can darken as they grow older and turn red. However, for a Poodle to be considered apricot, it needs to have been born with an apricot coat. Most Apricot Poodles will have dark eyes and black points eye rims, noses, lips, and toenails. While the breed standard allows Apricot Poodles with lighter points, this is not encouraged. Are Apricot Poodles Rare? Apricot Poodles are extremely rare. Actually, some breeders consider apricot to be the rarest Poodle color. This can be attributed to the fact that the apricot coloration is caused by a recessive gene that is very difficult to breed for. Owing to their rarity, there is a very high demand for Apricot Poodles. Sometimes, people interested in Apricot Poodles have to get on a waiting list for months before a pup becomes available. This high demand, unfortunately, makes Apricot Poodles more expensive compared to other Poodle colors. Apricot Poodle Size With color being the only difference between Apricot Poodles and other Poodles, you can expect the Apricot Poodle to fall into one of the three official Poodle sizes — standard, mini, and toy. Standard Apricot Poodles are the largest and can get to a weight of up to 75 lbs. Mini Apricot Poodles weigh between 12 to 20 lbs. Toy Apricot Poodles are the smallest and do not exceed 7 lbs. This means that the average Apricot Poodle will live for an average of 12 years, with some even getting to 15 years or more. Some common health issues to watch out for if you have an Apricot Poodle include: Hip Dysplasia This condition is caused by the dislocation of the thigh bone from the hip joint socket. Dogs affected by this condition experience lots of pain when moving around, and with time, hip dysplasia can lead to total loss of movement. Sebaceous Adenitis Sebaceous adenitis is an inflammatory condition that is common among all Poodles, including Apricot Poodles. Sebaceous adenitis affects the skin and causes scaling of the skin, blistering, itching, infections, and hair loss. Dietary Needs The amount of food to feed your Apricot Poodle will depend on their size. Standard Apricot Poodles have higher energy requirements and will therefore need about 3 to 4 cups of food every day, while toy Poodles will be okay with one cup. To reduce the risk of bloat, feed your Apricot Poodle 2 or 3 times per day, instead of giving them all the food at once. In addition to giving your Apricot Poodle high quality food, we recommend supplementing the food with multivitamins for better health and immunity. To avoid dental issues, which Poodles are highly prone to, you should also invest in dental water additives. Exercise Requirements Owing to their high energy levels, Apricot Poodles require lots of exercise and mental stimulation. Once again, the amount of exercise to give your Apricot Poodle will depend on their size. Toy Apricot Poodles can do with 2 exercise sessions daily, each session lasting 15 minutes, and can even be exercised inside the house. Standard Apricot Poodles will need 2 exercise sessions daily, each session lasting 30 minutes, and will need to be taken outside, since they are too big to exercise indoors. Temperaments Of Apricot Poodles Anyone who has owned a Poodle knows that these dogs love to bark, and the Apricot Poodle is no exception. While this trait makes them great watchdogs, it can also be a nuisance to some people. Therefore, you should only get an Apricot Poodle if you are comfortable with their barking. Temperament The Apricot Poodle is no different from other Poodles when it comes to temperament. Apricot Poodles are loving, loyal and social pooches whose greatest joy is being in the company of the people they love. If they were socialized from a young age, Apricot Poodles will be comfortable around all family members, and even other household pets. One thing most people love about Apricot Poodles is how loving these dogs are. They always want to be next to their favorite human. Actually, your Apricot Poodle can develop separation anxiety due to being left alone routinely. To prevent your Apricot Poodle from developing separation anxiety, only get yourself this fido if your lifestyle allows you to be close to your dog every day. If you have to spend the day away from your Apricot Poodle, hire a dog sitter to watch after your canine buddy until you are back. Are Apricot Poodles Hypoallergenic? One of the reasons why Poodles are so popular is because they are hypoallergenic. They shed very little and are therefore good for people with allergies. The Apricot Poodle is no different. They have the same low shedding coat as all other Poodles. Brushing If your Apricot Poodle wears their hair long, the hair is prone to matting and tangling, which can in turn lead to hot spots and even infections. To avoid this, make a habit of brushing your Apricot Poodle every day. Removes loose hair: reaches through the topcoat to remove loose undercoat hair without cutting skin or damaging the.FURejector button: just push the button to release hair with ease. Unless your four-legged buddy has had a dip in the mud, giving them one bath after three months is enough. Due to their sensitive skin, always use gentle dog shampoos to bathe your Apricot Poodle. Our top recommendation is Mighty Petz 2-In-1 Oatmeal Dog Shampoo And Conditioner , which is formulated with all-natural aloe vera that is perfect for dogs with sensitive skin. Red Poodles usually have a dark, rich color, while Apricot Poodles look like a lighter shade of red, often bordering on cream. Some experts believe that Red Poodles emerged from Apricot Poodles. One can easily confuse between the Red and Apricot Poodle, especially when a Red Apricot fades, or when the color of an Apricot Poodle darkens. Sometimes, Apricot and Cream Poodles can be very difficult to tell apart due to the closeness of their colors. However, Apricot Poodles have a darker and more vibrant color compared to Cream Poodles, and have dark points. Are Apricot Toy Poodles Rare? Apricot is the rarest Poodle color in the world. This is due to the fact that the apricot coloration is caused by a recessive gene that is carried by a very small number of Poodles. For a Poodle puppy to be an apricot, both the mother and father need to carry this recessive gene. By Chris Poodles have been considered a fashionable dog ever since their popularity skyrocketed in France in the 17th century. Colors officially recognized now include black, white, blue, cream, gray, silver, red, apricot, silver beige, and all shades of brown, including caf-au-lait. Apricot vs Red Poodles — Are they different? Red vs. Apricot Poodles Red and Apricot Poodles are two of the rarest and most sought-after colors of Poodles. Because both red and apricot coloring can vary in hue, the two colors can be difficult to discern at times. Red and Apricot are the two newest Poodle colors. Because Poodles come in so many different colors, many of which are known to fade over time, it can be hard to know what to expect after you find a puppy. A Red Poodle and an Apricot Poodle resting while tongues are out. The apricot color is caused by a recessive gene, making Apricot Poodles very rare. Most Poodles were black, white, or particolored until this point. The apricot color quickly grew in popularity and was bred mainly in the UK. An Apricot Poodles — what a pretty coat color! Because it is so rare, the darker Red Poodles are very desirable. However, red coats are prone to fading, and most Red Poodles will end up with a coat that resembles the apricot color by the time they are about three years old. Because of this history, the first Red Standard Poodles tended to be smaller than other colors of Poodles. However, the largest resulting Red Poodles were bred, and Red Poodles are now very similar in size to Poodles of different colors. Some say that it must be the same gene because the Red Poodle originated from Apricot Poodles. Despite their genes being different, the appearances of Red Poodles and Apricot Poodles can end up being very similar. Apricot and Red Poodles sitting together on a white background. An Amazing Dog Regardless of Color Regardless of whether a Poodle is red, apricot, or any other color, the coloring of your Poodle will not be a factor in its personality or temperament. Poodles are highly intelligent, easily trainable, and very social. Any color Poodle from a reputable breeder that receives appropriate training and care can be an incredible companion. If you have your heart set on a Red Poodle, a chance remains that your Poodle could maintain dark red coloring into adulthood. My wife and I love playing with our active miniature Labradoodle Max. We want all Oodle puppies to be healthy and happy, have lots of fun and be part of the family. Load More. Become a free Member Apricot Poodles Apricots are one of the most beautiful Poodle colors and one of the most sought after. Their coats are a sunny, gleaming hue, producing quite a gorgeous color. This variation is not considered a fault under the AKC breed standards. Jasmine A light apricot, next to a deeper, darker red Photo courtesy of Floyd Ferdinand Gelacio Apricots most often have black points which mean the noses, eye-rims and lips, black-or self-colored toenails and very dark eyes. They may, nevertheless, have dark amber eyes, liver nose leather, eye-rims and lips. This, too, is permissible, but not the ideal coloration. This is true for reds as well. The apricot gene is a recessive to all the poodle colors except white. It is not uncommon for an apricot to be dubbed a red or vice-versa. Additionally sometimes a cream will be called an apricot if it is deep. As a Poodle matures, color may lighten or deepen a bit and for this reason, a pup that appeared to be a light apricot may darken into a more solid medium cream or other similar toning that shows the wrong color was chosen at the time the pup was registered. Since a breeder can register a Poodle to be any color, not all owners of apricot Poodles will have that color designation on their dog's papers. Alternatively, there are owners of red or cream Poodles that have papers showing that the dog is apricot. These types of things do happen with breeds that come in such a wide range of not only colors, but variations and tones of those colors. Apricot is one of the last poodle color to be recorded. Some say that is it indeed the very last one; others say that red sprang from apricot, making it simply one of the last. It is suspected that apricot is a very rare occurring combination of brown , blue and perhaps white in different concentrations, which then produce the different shades that we see with apricot Poodles. All other colors of the Poodle were established before the apricot came into play. The very first apricot, Sowden Yellow Gall, born in was actually dubbed a liver by its owner who had browns, therefore it is estimated that the color was perhaps a bit different than the one we know of today. This same owner produced a litter of 8, 6 were reds and 2 were brown… The sire was liver and the dam a brown. This amazing litter was sold to an English kennel which then worked to continue the apricots and reds, thus allowing us to have apricot Poodles today. At the time, they were working only with Standards. In the year , Miniatures were starting to pick up in popularity with pet owners, so in turn breeders responded to that. It was during this time that a unique and beautiful Poodle puppy was born in the Whippendell Kennel, she has a gorgeous apricot coat and to the surprise of many, her brother was a solid black. In , there was the first apricot champion, Phigidity Jessie who happened to have a black sire and a blue dam. Higidity Jessie was a Standard. Descendants of the English apricots, carrying the genes are the dogs that are responsible for all of the apricot Poodles that we have today. The first American champion was Champion Carillon Amour, in .In the 's poodle breeding slowed down quite a bit due to WWII, however in the 's two important apricot kennels worked in England to produce excellent apricot Poodles.In regard to the toy size class, they were the Greatcoat lines and in regard to the Miniature size variety, they were the Puckshill lines. All rights reserved. We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon. Share Us. Silver beige White Apricot - This and red were two of the last colors recorded for this breed; so they are the newest and quite interesting. An apricot can produce a red. Some apricot Poodles are so light that they appear to be cream, however you will notice a red tint to the hair. A true apricot poodle will have some points or black spots on their skin. Liver points are acceptable but not preferred in the U. All blue Poodles are born black and then "clear" lighten as the pup grows. This often happens within the first year but this change can take place as late as 2 years in some cases. For this reason, many blue Poodles are registered as black. The outer coat of a blue poodle is usually as dark as that of a black, but hairs at the root is a mix of colors. The amount of each color depends on the age of the dog. In middle-aged dogs, medium brown predominates. True blue Poodles will have black points and dark brown eyes. Brown - A brown Poodle is a deep, dark color and in no way can be confused with Cafe Au lait which is much lighter. Pure brown Poodles must have liver points and dark amber eyes. Brown is created by the bb gene, as opposed to the BB gene of black Poodles, and therefore will have no black pigment anywhere on the body, including the eyes and nose. Cafe Au lait - This is a shiny light tan color and some confused this with silver beige. It is not uncommon for the pup to be born brown and 'clear' to this color. A Cafe Au lait should have liver points and dark amber eyes. Black - A true black Poodle is a deep ink black. The dog's coat will have zero blue or silver tinting and not have any white or silver guard hairs. The face when shaved will be deep black, as well. A true black will not "clear" or "fade". Blacks will have black points and dark brown eyes. See More: Black Poodles. Silver Beige - This is a diluted brown, therefore a true silver beige Poodle is born brown. By 6 weeks, silver beige will appear on the face and paws with a full coat change by the age of 2 years. The dog will have liver points and dark amber eyes. Red - This only became an official color in and now many breeders in Canada have come together to form the Apricot Red Poodle Club. A true red will have black points. Read about the fascinating history of reds here: Red Poodles. Silver - A true silver Poodle is born black and "clears" by the age of 2. However, you will know a true silver by the age of 6 weeks, when the face and paws "clear" and the rest of the coat will follow in suit over the next year or two. Silvers will have black points and dark brown eyes. This color is a diluted gray, caused by the silver allele V gene. White - Most white Poodles are a pure, snow white. However, some breeders will dub a white tinted with apricot or beige as being white. A bit of black spotting is acceptable on a white, however there should never be any ticking in the white. The ticking gene is a totally separate gene that makes the coat appear dirty. Gray - While a Poodle can be born gray and stay gray, it is also not uncommon for a black Poodle to turn gray at the age of years old. Cream - These Poodles will have black points; you'll know that a Poodle is cream and not Silver Beige or Cafe au Lait if his nose is black. It is the Cch gene which causes an otherwise brown Poodle to be cream. Color Changes When a Poodle puppy is a solid, one must understand that many variables can affect what will become the adult coat. When a pup keeps the same color coat, this is known as "holding". However, many Poodles 'clear'. To clear means when the coat fades or lightens to another color. A lightening of the coat does not necessarily occur evenly all over the coat, rather Poodle color will often hold more on the dog's ears and the thicker guard hairs. Cafe Au lait Poodles are born dark brown and change to cafe around the age of 2 yrs Blue Poodles are born black and change over by the age of 2 years Sliver Poodles are born black and change over by the age of 2 years Apricots are often born a dark shade that lightens by the age of 2 years Many owners can become confused as their Poodle takes on a completely different color as they grow. For example, a blue Poodle puppy could be misinterpreted as black, although a reputable breeder should be able to know the difference. If that puppy has parents with parti in the bloodline, as the coat clears during the first 2 years, other colors may appear and the once black looking puppy who was actually a blue parti becomes a parti with a wide array of possible colors. Fixing a Dull or Yellowing Coat It is common for a Poodle's coat to dull, become brassy or yellow as the dog matures. Sunlight, air pollution and constant bombardment of minuscule debris are at work here, in addition to the natural aging process cycling out a duller color than a Poodle once had. At all times, each hair strand is in 1 of the 3 phases: Growth, rest or release. Therefore, it is a gradual process.Owners may not notice a difference in the richness, depth and shine of the coat until the process has been going on for a while and enough hairs have grown in faded or dulled to make a drastic difference. The key to fixing and maintaining a beautiful color on a Poodle is to use a color enhancing shampoo. There are some great ones manufactured specifically for canines. In addition, while in general one does not want to use a human product on a puppy or dog, as long as the PH balance is correct, it most certainly can be used with excellent results. When a black, blue, or brown dog has the mutation in this gene, they gradually fade in color as they grow. Not all black, blue, or brown poodles have the mutation, but some do. You will begin to see the change in color starting at a months of age and it is usually complete by the time the dog is mature. In some dogs there may be small changes throughout the life of the dog. Skin Color Skin color can change as well. The most common reason for a Poodle to have a change of color on the skin is exposure to sunlight and this most commonly happens on the belly. It is not uncommon for a pink belly to have darker spots appear. An owner should be concerned if those darker spots are raised above the skin and should have the dog's veterinarian take a look at any raised, dark areas. In the monthly Poodle blog Topic of the Month , you'll find new, helpful articles on a regular basis. All rights reserved. We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon. Share Us. Apricot Poodles March 14, Apricot Poodles are one of the most popular Poodle colors. Apricot appears in all three sizes of Poodles: Standard, Miniature and Toy. The beautiful shade as well as the rarity of this color makes apricot Poodles highly sought-after. Today we will look at this type of Poodle as its characteristics. Even AKC Poodle breeders sometimes categorize their dogs under the wrong color. Apricot is a dilution of brown. Ideally it should appear to be a bright, sunny color. Apricot is difficult to breed for as it is a recessive gene and it quickly fades in UV light. If your Poodle spends a lot of time outside, his apricot color will soon look like a lighter cream color. The nose and eye rims of an apricot Poodle should ideally be black or dark brown. A medium-colored brown is accepted as per the breed standard, but not encouraged. History of apricot-colored Poodles Poodles have been around for a long time. Some paintings show Poodles in the 15th and 16th century. Back then, most Poodles would have been white or parti-colored. The new color quickly became popular and was bred mainly in the UK. It would take a while before the color became prevalent in the other Poodle varieties though: Only in , the first apricot Miniature Poodle was born. In the s, Poodles became more and more popular in North America and have been a beloved companion dog ever since. Due to the rarity of the apricot color and its recessive nature, not a lot of Poodles are available in this color! Are apricot Poodles rare? Yes — apricot Poodles are very rare! As a recessive color, apricot is only shown in a puppy if both parents carry a copy of the gene. Most Poodles are black or white with the occasional Parti Poodle who has two colors. Other Poodle colors such as red, cream, blue or brown are allowed by the breed standard but less common. The apricot Poodle is very rare among the Poodle colors, which makes these dogs very sought-after and potentially pricey. Some puppy buyers have to be on a waitlist for an apricot puppy for months or years. You should only decide for these dogs if you are willing to be patient and wait for your perfect apricot puppy for a long time. As all Poodles, apricot Poodles have a tendency to develop gastrointestinal issues. You should only feed your dog high-quality food and make sure that you take him to the vet if he shows any signs of diarrhea or vomiting. Like all Poodles, apricot Poodles are highly intelligent and will require daily exercise and training. A bored and under-exercised Poodle will quickly develop a range of unwanted behaviors, such as reactivity, incessant barking or chewing of furniture. Grooming your apricot Poodle Every color Poodle will require regular, consistent grooming efforts in order to keep the coat beautiful and the skin healthy. Letting your Poodle develop mats will lead to hot spots and can even cause severe skin infections. You need to brush your Poodle every day. He should also be bathed with a Poodle-specific shampoo about once a month. Many Poodle owners choose to have this done by a professional groomer. Depending on whether you want to show your Poodle or not, you can keep his coat either in a full show groom or a more convenient haircut. The teddy bear cut is very popular especially for Miniature Poodles. Training Poodles are generally easy to train as they are highly intelligent and love to work together with their owner. They excel at a variety of dog sports, such as agility, competition obedience, disc dog or dock diving. Especially for those dogs, participating in a weekly dog sport will be very beneficial. If you choose to show your dog in AKC conformation events, you will need to train them to show well in the show ring. This includes walking and trotting on the leash and standing still while the judge examines your dog. The most common behavioral problems in apricot Poodles are anxiety, nervousness and excessive barking. Extensive socialization is necessary to turn them into well-mannered and calm companions. This includes positive exposure to people, dogs, different places and a variety of sounds. Poodles can show prey drive. Do not underestimate that and make sure to teach your dog impulse control and recall skills. This is especially important if your Poodle is sharing your home with smaller animals, such as cats. How much do apricot Poodles cost? As a rare color, you can expect to pay more for an apricot Poodle of either size. The Bottom Line Apricot Poodles are very popular due to their unusual coloring and their rarity. Many owners are drawn to this special kind of Poodle because they are so unique. It is important to not let rarity alone be a deciding factor when it comes to picking your future puppy though! You should never buy any dog Poodle or not for his color alone. Apricot Poodles will require the same care, grooming, training and exercise as any other kind of Poodle. Due to the at times nervous nature of this breed, it is really important that they are well-socialized and get a lot of positive exposure, especially during their puppyhood. Apricot Poodles excel at a variety of dog sports and will love to participate in those with their owner! Due to the limited supply of apricot Poodles, expect to be put on a waitlist for a potential puppy. The price will likely be higher than that for a more common Poodle color as well. Being patient pays off though: These dogs are amazing companions that will brighten up every day! Unleash the real potential of your companion! We will email you daily with training tips, ideas and videos. This is an introductory course into our training philosophy. You will get customized video lessons based on your training goals — and you can implement them in just 5 minutes a day.

Questions about Boxer puppies for sale in Dallas TX? We have answers. How much are Boxer puppies for sale in Dallas TX? This is often the case and can be for several reasons. Do I have to choose from local breeders near me? Not at all! How are breeders selected for your network? This is because we have high standards when it comes to Boxer for sale Dallas and care about connecting homes like yours with only the top notch breeders and business in the industry. Learn more from our Breeder Pledge and find Boxer puppies for sale in Dallas now. You can take a lot of the negative stress out of your Dallas Boxer puppy for sale puppy search by choosing to work with Uptown Puppies. We are highly selective when it comes to breeders and businesses in our network, meaning you can have peace of mind knowing your puppy is coming from an ethical breeder or business. Should I worry about puppy mills? There are plenty of them and they are essentially factories that produce as many puppies as possible with no care for the well being of the animals in their care. These puppies often have health problems down the road. Are there puppies available now in your network? Once you decide to work with Uptown Puppies and look for Dallas Boxer puppies for sale, you can start browsing through available puppies right away and get one step closer to finding your dream companion. Boxers have ancestors that can be traced as far back as B. They were originally bred as hunters and became more popular across Europe in the 16th century before coming to the U. Are Boxers good family dogs? Boxer puppies Dallas are considered great family dogs because of how much energy they have and how much they absolutely love to play! Their playful energy allows them to keep up with any equal energy children in the household! They also bond quickly with all members of the household, and like to take on a guardian role. What can I expect with a Boxer breed? Boxers are so popular and beloved for a good reason, they are charming, playful and dedicated companions who brighten your day with their affection. You can expect for Boxers for sale Dallas to be high energy and always ready for the next adventure to go on. They also will bond with you quickly and are able to be trained easily. How big is a full grown Boxer? Dallas Boxers for sale are a medium to large sized dog breed and range from about inches tall and can weigh in anywhere from pounds depending on the sex. Once your tiny little puppy grows into adulthood, they are a good size for apartment or house living as long as they get out for plenty of exercise! I'm 8 years old and, if I may say so myself, probably the best thing to ever happen to my mama. We've had some great adventures together from traveling with the circus to camping trips to play time with other friends and their humans to just snuggling on the couch! It's been a stupendous journey but it's time to discover more adventures and spread more joy! I am full of love and willing to share all of it with you! I am perfectly content to snooze the day away, keeping your bed warm, or sniffing out all the great smells on some walks. I love meeting new people and dogs, but sometimes I like to take my time because some people are weird and kids can be grabby, ya know?! I'm not a fan of cats, as they're just too rude for my taste. Same with aggressive dogs, I'm a lover, not a fighter! But I can get defensive if I feel like me or my human are threatened. I don't like storms, like at all, but who can blame me, right? They are scary loud with flashing lights and I just don't like it! If you have something to help me stay calm and a nice couch I can curl up on, I'll be fine until it passes, but I do get a lil spooked. Because there are lots of storms here in Florida, I have gotten pretty anxious and lashed out at my fur brother a couple of times recently. I never hurt him, and we made up and are still friends, but I sometimes get a little worked up, but I'm working on it! If you have a tennis ball you need chasing and chewing, I'm your girl! I'm also a belly rub enthusiast receiving, not giving, silly , and quite the accomplished tug of war winner. I know lots of verbal and visual commands and, if I can toot my own horn for a second, I'm pretty darn good on a leash. Car rides are my jam! Windows up or windows down, I don't get sick and I just like to quietly stare out the window. I like my crate and sometimes sleep the night away in there, it's like my own little blanket fort! Don't be jealous, I'll share it with you too! I can't wait to meet you! So take a sniff at my pictures because my mom says I'm a natural model, but I think I just have good genetics, like duh, just look at me! My mama said we're willing to go on a long car ride if we find the perfect home and that made me so excited! Let's be friends so I can show you all the best scratching spots behind my ears! Ripley is participating in The Love Pit's iRehome program, so ongoing care and custody are provided by their foster. All behavior and medical information is provided by their caretaker, and TLP encourages all adopters to verify the information with their caretaker prior to adoption.

Tiny Bernedoodles generally do not get over 50 pounds. F1B Bernedoodles will have a higher success rate for non-shedding and are recommended for families with moderate to severe allergies. The F1B Bernedoodles have beautiful loose wavy to curly plush coats. Keep in mind that the F1B will not necessarily look like a poodle or have the temperament of a poodle. In every F1B litter, there will be puppies that have loose wavy coats that look exactly like an F1 Bernedoodle. These puppies are very desirable for families that want a more Bernese-looking Bernedoodle that does not shed. Keep in mind that we can find any one of these coat types from all of our generations. As experienced breeders, we are able to determine coat types by weeks old. This generation can work for families with moderate to severe allergies. Many families desire this breeding because it can have a little more Bernese Mountain Dog than the F1B. Most are low to non-shedders. They also have a high success rate for non-shedding and are recommended for families with moderate to severe allergies. This look at the F2B Generation has proved to be low to moderate shedding. F2B's can have a variety of coat types including loose-wavy, straight, and curly. As an experienced breeder, we can identify the shedders from the non-shedders. Please refer to our color variety page to see examples of these colors. F2B Berendoodles come in three sizes Please note that these are approximate weights. We do not guarantee weights or heights. Most people mean F1 Bernedoodles when they refer to the breed. The physical characteristics of F1 Bernedoodles vary greatly depending on their genes. Some of them look like an equal mix of both parents, whereas others may look more like one parent. Some others may look nothing like their parents. Each dog may have a different coat and shedding level. Bernedoodles with more Poodle genetics tend to sport a curly or wavy coat that sheds less. Despite variations in traits, most F1 Bernedoodles possess black, brown, and white coat markings that are commonly associated with this canine hybrid. Standard F1 Bernedoodles can weigh as much as 90 pounds, whereas Mini F1 Bernedoodles may weigh about 40 to 60 pounds. Pros They are hypoallergenic, making them great for people with mild allergies. F1 Bernedoodles top the list when it comes to hybrid vigor. Hybrid vigor means the enhancement of the desirable traits of a purebred dog in a hybrid litter. Dogs with greater hybrid vigor are healthier than their purebred parents as they usually only suffer from hereditary diseases that are common to both the purebred parents. F1 Bernedoodles will only inherit the genetic deficiencies that are common to both the Poodle and the Bernese Mountain Dog. Their average lifespan is about 16 years. Cons They require a lot of grooming to prevent tangled and matted hair and infections. As F1B Bernedoodles usually have more Poodle genetics, they tend to be more Poodle-like in look, temperament, and other traits. With regards to build, they are slimmer than F1 Bernedoodles. Tiny F1B Bernedoodles weigh about 15 to 30 pounds. Mini F1B Bernedoodles can grow as big as 30 to 50 pounds, whereas the standard size is around 55 to 75 pounds. Although reverse F1B Bernedoodles are rarely bred as they shed a lot, they have the build, temperament, and other characteristics of the Bernese. Pros F1B Bernedoodles have a non-shedding and hypoallergenic wavy or curly coat. However, they need to be groomed regularly to prevent their coats from getting matted and tangled. F1B Bernedoodles have a lifespan of about 10 to 16 years. They have a good amount of hybrid vigor, although less than their F1 Bernedoodle parent. Cons They are usually more prone to the illnesses that Poodles generally suffer from. F1B Bernedoodles need to undergo genetic testing to prevent epilepsy, joint problems, eye diseases, and skin diseases. In this case, too, breeders prefer to use a purebred Poodle over a purebred Bernese Mountain Dog to produce a more hypoallergenic first-generation Bernedoodle. They are hypoallergenic and non-shedding. Cons They often have a curly coat that needs frequent grooming and brushing to prevent matting and tangles. Since its parents are a blend of Bernese Mountain Dogs and Poodles, it possesses an overall balanced genetic composition of both breeds. Pros F2 Bernedoodles possess a good amount of hybrid vigor, although lesser than their F1 Bernedoodle parents. Due to their genetics, it is quite common to see a litter of puppies with varying colors and shades. F2 Bernedoodles are relaxed furballs, easy to train, smart like their parents, and quite friendly. They are also obedient and great with kids. Cons F2 Bernedoodles can face health issues more frequently, compared to the first-generation Bernedoodles. Second-generation pups are also more likely to shed hair, making them a less-preferred choice for breeders to engineer. They are a bit risky to pick if you suffer from allergies. Look for a pup with a really curly coat to be safe, as they are often hypoallergenic. However, despite a curly coat, this breed might shed fur across your house. They possess .This gives them a similar appearance and personality to Poodles. This further increases the chance of F2B Bernedoodles with a super curly, hypoallergenic, and soft coat. Pros If you or your family have mild to medium allergies, they make for great pets to have at home. They are great to play with and can be trained very easily, making them good companions to children as well. Cons While most F2B Bernedoodles tend to have curly, hypoallergenic fur, there are exceptions. Their genetic composition is extremely close to that of Poodles though they do not look quite the same. F2BB Bernedoodles are often touted as multi-generation Bernedoodles. This is because they are not technically part of the first or second generation of Bernedoodles. Pros They make for amazing, cuddly pets that are a delight to own. Cons They possess low to medium amounts of hybrid vigor compared to the previous generations. So be sure to always ask your breeder to screen the puppies for health issues. Pros They rarely shed, which is great if you are not a fan of cleaning up all the dander from your clothes after playing with your pups. Cons F3 Bernedoodles are more likely to be born with genetic defects as they have low amounts of hybrid vigor. They must be screened when they are young to identify any health issues that can crop up later in their life. A Bernedoodle puppy chilling on the grass Choosing a Bernedoodle generation depends on your individual needs and preferences. They also look more like Poodles and have other physical attributes of this parent breed. No wonder families that love Poodles seek them out. On the other hand, if you want to bring home a healthy dog with greater hybrid vigor, F1 Bernedoodles are your best bet. Reverse F1B Bernedoodles, though rarely bred, are popular among people who are not allergic to dog hair and prefer Bernedoodles with more traits of the Bernese Mountain Dog, one of them being a flatter, straighter coat. F1 and F2 Bernedoodles may also have this coat type due to a good amount of Bernese genes. Bernedoodles may fit the bill for those on the hunt for a Bernedoodle with an interesting mix of colors. In Summary! Different generations have different advantages, so choose carefully. If you have any questions or thoughts to share with us, send us an email. My wife and I love playing with our active miniature Labradoodle Max. We want all Oodle puppies to be healthy and happy, have lots of fun and be part of the family. Load More. Bernedoodles come in a variety of sizes and colors. Color is heavily determined by the Poodle parent and what colors are in its pedigree. Their colors can be pure black, black and white, black and brown or the tri-color look that the Bernese has of brown, sable, brindle, chocolate and phantom. There are typically three types of coat. The curlier the coat the less it will shed. Most Bernedoodles have the wavy type coat that is low- to non-shedding. Straight Coat: Like the Bernese coat, it may have a slight wave to it. This coat will shed, less than a Bernese, but noticeably. It is rare to see a Bernedoodle with a straighter coat, however, the straighter the coat, the more it will shed. This type of coat is minimal- to non-shedding. Curly Coat: This is the most similar to the Poodle coat and should not shed. The curlier the coat, the less it will shed. Since most Bernedoodles shed little, they need to be brushed regularly to prevent matting For lower maintenance, you can have their hair clipped every few months, depending on the desired look. This can be done professionally or you can learn to do it yourself. Brushing your bernedoodle will make shedding less noticeable. Puppies should only be taken to the groomer after it has had its full set of vaccines. They should be taken as soon as you can, to get them use to the groomers and the process of being bathed, ears cleaned and nails clipped, or if you choose to do this yourself. There are no guarantees what type of coat a Bernedoodle will have. Bernedoodles are not fully hypoallergenic but do tend to be allergy-friendly. Most people allergic to the dog dander, usually tend to be fine with a Bernedoodle. However, this is not a guarantee. An F1B does tend to be even more 'allergy friendly'. It really depends on what size the Parents are in its pedigree. We can only estimate weights according to parents size. Females do tend to be smaller than males. These are only ranges and a puppy can be out of the expected range when crossing two different breeds. The Standard Bernedoodle is bs in weight and inches in height. The Mini is lbs in weight and inches in height. The Tiny is lbs and inches in height. What Is F1b vs. F1 vs. F2 Bernedoodle? Click HERE for the adoption application. What does it mean? Why is it so confusing to research on the internet? We are mostly concerned with the temperament of our puppy, which list is right for us? If you have any of these questions, please read on to find out! F1 Bernedoodle has a Bernese Mountain Dog mom and a Poodle dad Size of dad determines size of Bernedoodles Why is it so dang confusing to research Bernedoodles on the internet? For example, the AKC says a Labrador should be cream, black or brown and weight approximately 65lbs. This is why researching doodles can be so dang confusing! Every breeder has their own breeding program, philosophy and unique parent dogs. Therefore, there is a lot of misinformation on the internet. Temperament and health -it all comes back to nature and nurture which means the parents and the breeder. F1 litters are more consistent in the colors and patterns with slight variations in markings. Ie; the white blaze between the eyes may be thicker on some and thinner on others but they all look similar. F1 litters have a slightly higher chance of having a low shedding puppy or two in any given litter. Both parents are Bernedoodles 2. One for the mom and one for the dad. If both bernedoodle parents are tri colored however, then some of their pups will be too! If one parent is a Sable color, like Rocky then there will be some Sable puppies and some tricolored as well. More variation overall. Wavy or curly, non-shedding coats are believed to be the best option for people with allergies to shedding dogs. Adding the Poodle genetics leads to a longer, healthier life! Each puppy is unique! More variation in coat colors and patterns. One parent is a Bernedoodle and the other is a Poodle. They are thought to be the best option for people with allergies to shedding dogs because every puppy will be non-shedding. These puppies typically have curlier hair when compared to any other generation. As such, they may require more brushing to prevent matting. Health: In my program, there is no difference in health, regardless of generation. In any doodle or pure bred breed, the puppies are only as healthy as the parents. F1 Bernedoodle at 5 months old Temperament: Temperament will always comes back to the parents and what the breeder does to socialize the pups from birth to 8 weeks old. I choose the parents on temperament and health. We also do neuro stimulation exercises beginning on day 3 until week 8 as well as the Volhard Puppy Temperament Test at 6 Weeks Old. Please see the puppy pricing page for more information about temperaments! F2 Standard Bernedoodle at 8 months old How can I help you pick? Make sense? If not, please contact me and we can discuss further River is a BMD mom! Share this:. A Bernedoodle also sometimes referred to as a Bernadoodle is a combination of a Bernese Mountain Dog and a toy, mini, or standard Poodle. Bernedoodles are known to be a friendly, happy go lucky, and mellow breed. Due to the Poodles sensitive nature and Bernese stubbornness, they will need firm yet gentle trainer. Bernedoodles are smart and eager to please. Basic training should begin as soon as you bring your Bernedoodle puppy home. Just remember that patience and consistency will be key! Bernedoodles are intelligent and will require mental stimulation and regular exercise to keep them happy and prevent them from becoming bored or obese. Due to the fact that they have a low to medium energy level, they typically do not require endless amounts of exercise. They are happy playing, romping, going for walks, and can even make a great jogging partner. Some Bernedoodles also like to swim! It is important to remember that not all Bernedoodles are the same and some may enjoy more or less exercise to keep them happy and healthy! This breed is often referred to as easy-going though they can be a bit stubborn when it comes to training , playful, and loyal. They are very social and do best if they are not left alone for extended periods of time. The life expectancy of an Bernedoodle is between years. This seems like quite a large range right? Remember that in general, smaller dogs tend to live longer than larger dogs. It is important to keep in mind that many factors can affect their life expectancy such as diet, exercise, injury, genetics, etc. Since they were bred to be a working breed they can also be somewhat stubborn. Poodles on the other hand are non-shedding and typically have a longer lifespan. They are an extremely smart breed that is eager to please and often very easy to train. Did you know that Poodles were originally used as hunting dogs? The combination of these two breeds creates a smart, mellow dog that has a longer lifespan and is typically very low to non-shedding! There are several different generations of Bernedoodles. Most reputable Bernedoodle breeders will only cross a standard or moyen Poodle with a Bernese. Crossing a toy or mini Poodle with a Bernese often results in Bernedoodle puppies with short legs and a longer body like a Corgi. Most F1 Bernedoodles will be low shedding while others may shed moderately or not at all. F1b Bernedoodles tend to be a great choice for those with allergies because they have a higher percentage of Poodle. Most tend to shed very little or not at all. Yes and no. F2 Bernedoodle coats can be unpredictable due to the Bernese being IC improper coat affected. This means that they can produce puppies that do not shed at all, but they can also produce puppies that will be low or high shedders. Some F2 Bernedoodles will be furnished have doodle coats while others will be unfurnished no facial beard or doodle coat. Their percentages can be a mixture leaning towards either parent breed. When reputable breeders carefully plan and study their lines, multigens tend to be the most predictable generation when it comes to temperament, coat type, shedding factor, etc. Our multigen Bernedoodles typically are very low to non-shedding. However, sometimes we will intentionally pair two dogs together in order to create a litter that has some unfurnished coats. At Doodles of Oz we currently breed all 4 different coat types. An unfurnished Bernedoodle will have a straight, Bernese-like coat rather than a doodle coat. This means that they are more prone to shedding and are not normally recommended for those who suffer from allergies. Many unfurnished Bernedoodles do not shed as much as a full Bernese though! If you love the Bernese Mountain Dog but are looking for a similar dog that is expected to shed less and live longer or maybe even one that is smaller in size , then this may be the one for you! Bernedoodles are currently the only mix that we have with some unfurnished coats. Bernedoodle Breed Comparisons From Tiny Size Bernedoodles to Standard Bernedoodles When looking for your next pet, you may want to consider the cuddly Bernedoodle breed with its sweet temperaments and loyal, goofy disposition. Depending on what type of lifestyle you live and what you look for in a dog, this crossbreed has several variations to consider. Within this blog, you will learn about the different Bernedoodle sizes and generation types. Allowing you to decide which type may be the best for you and your family. We will also briefly discuss Bernedoodle characteristics, traits, personality, and health. Bernedoodle Generation Types A Bernedoodle is a beautiful doodle crossbreed between a Bernese mountain dog and a poodle. Bernedoodle generation types depend on the breed variation of their poodle parent, but they all share similar friendly, outgoing personalities and have loyal goofy temperments. Having one of the most balanced personalities of all the designer doodle breeds, the Bernedoodle breed is known to be generally calm but still playful and perfect for an active outgoing lifestyle. An F1 Bernedoodle is the first-generation breeding of a purebred poodle and a purebred Bernese mountain dog. F1 Bernedoodles tend to be the healthiest Bernedoodles, with an easy-to-predict adult size: generally an average of the two parents. F1B Bernedoodles are created by backcross breeding an F1 Bernedoodle to a purebred poodle. Due to the increased poodle genetics, this variety is considered non-shedding, making F1B doodles the most allergy friendly and the best choice for those with serve allergies. These highly desirable traits make them among the most costly Bernedoodle breed. The size of F2 Bernedoodles will depend entirely on the size of their parents, though breeders generally try to breed these dogs with partners of a similar size, so their height and weight are easier to predict. The F2 Bernedoodle is the least desired Bernedoodle generation. They can weigh anywhere from 10 to 24 pounds and are the smallest Bernedoodle size available. .Mini Bernedoodle Size Mini Bernedoodles are slightly smaller than standard Bernedoodles, typically stand 18 to 22 inches at shoulder height and weigh from 30 to 55 pounds. They can grow up to 2. Personality Differences Between Sizes Depending on the size of your Bernedoodle, you should be aware of some key differences in their personalities. Toy Bernedoodle Toy Bernedoodles feature one shining characteristic above the other size breeds: their larger-than-life personality. If you love dogs that enjoy being carried around and staring as the center of attention at all times, toy Bernedoodles might be perfect for you. As smaller dogs, they tend to be more anxious around larger breeds and other animals or small children. Mini Bernedoodle Size Mini or medium Bernedoodles tend to need less space than those of the standard size and could easily thrive in a studio or even a motorhome, but they still need at least an hour of vigorous exercise per day. They tend to have easygoing personalities and few health problems and generally love spending time socializing with other dogs at a dog park or doggy daycare. Standard Size Bernedoodle Characteristics Because the pairing to create a standard size Bernedoodle includes a standard poodle who tends to need more engagement, they do require more vigorous exercise and structured play to stay well-trained. A standard-sized male tends to be slightly larger than a female. Your lifestyle will be important in choosing the type and size of dog for your new pet. Another important aspect to consider is the type of affection you enjoy. These dogs are highly affectionate and want to be close to you and give you plenty of kisses. You can look forward to years of canine affection no matter what size you select. Smaller dogs also have less of a need for open space to roam, able to exercise by trotting around a small apartment just as easily as in a small dog-friendly park. While slightly larger dogs usually have no problem interacting with small, excited children, the size of a tiny Bernedoodle might not make it the best pet for little kids. Children also tend to be less careful than adults and could more easily hurt a tiny dog than a sturdier, larger breed. Mini and Standard Bernedoodles Need More Room To Play Having more energy and simply longer legs than their miniature counterparts, the larger sizes of the breed need more outdoor and indoor space to have the highest quality of life. These dogs need owners who lead more active lifestyles, take more trips to the dog park to socialize and run out their energy, or live in a home with a big yard or safe walking paths nearby. The calm and loyal personality of the Bernese mountain dog makes for an excellent pet, but make sure to keep them engaged in play or exercise because they can become destructive in their search for entertainment if your dog begins to get bored. Make sure you have plenty of time and toys to keep these active breeds occupied, and remember that they prefer to be around their owners for the majority of the day. Bernedoodles of All Sizes Have Few Health Issues While Bernedoodles and their wavy hair coat may require less intensive combing than some curly breeds like the poodle. Bernedoodle still needs frequent grooming to prevent mats and keep them looking and feeling great. The Bernedoodle is a relatively healthy breed but there is still a chance of certain diseases affecting these mixed breeds, such as: Progressive retinal atrophy Hip dysplasia Skin conditions such as hotspots or dermatitis The best way to ensure the long and healthy life of your new beloved pet is to work with a responsible Bernedoodle breeder who does the proper health testing prior to breeding. You will also want to practice preventive care with routine visits to the vet. Smaller breeds have a different physiology than their larger counterparts and are at risk of slightly different health issues. Training Is Important for a Berendoodle Bernedoodle tends to be fairly easy to train due to the intellegence of the poodle and the loyalty of the Bernese Mountain Dog choosing a breeder and dog trainer that has a well-established early life training program ensures the lifelong success of a Bernedoodle, as all dogs benefit greatly from a structured training program. Here at Central Illinois Doodles, we ensure your family pets are raised to be outstanding companions, guided by our puppy behavior handling who rear them up with compassion while focusing on proper socialization. When your dog has the energy, curiosity, and strength of a descendant of Bernese mountain dogs. Behaviors like chewing on your furniture, digging in your household areas and making messes or marking their territory can be trained out of Bernedoodle dogs, regardless of their size, by a reputable breeder and trainer. At Central Illinois Doodles, we breed and train our lovable Bernedoodle puppies to be excellent companions for you and your family. Reserve Your Bernedoodle Today! Now that you have a good understanding of the sizing character, traits, personality, and health of a Bernedoodle, would you like to reserve yours today?! When you take home one of our Bernedoodle puppies you will know that you are getting a healthy, well-socialized family companion. From our health-tested parents to our two-year health guarantee— Central Illinois Doodles is one of the most reputable breeders in Illinois. His area of expertise is in the responsible breeding of two popular doodle breeds, the Goldendoodle and Bernedoodle. Central Illinois Doodles has garnered significant recognition for their exceptional breeding practices, including being ranked among the Top 10 Bernedoodle breeders in the United States by respected industry authorities such as Bubbly Pet and Pupvine. Additionally, they have been distinguished as one of the best Goldendoodle breeders by Trending Breeds and Devoted to Dog. Related Posts. The first step toward understanding Bernedoodle generations is learning the labels and their meanings. Every Bernedoodle generation begins with the letter F. What does the number mean? The number is the generation of the Bernedoodle. When a Bernedoodle generation includes a B it indicates that it is a backcross. Backcross simply means that the current Bernedoodle generation was bred back to a Poodle. It can rarely mean breeding back to a Bernese Mountain Dog as well. However, as this is uncommon, this article will refer to it only as a breeding back to a Poodle. This means that this generation of Bernedoodle has been backcrossed with a Poodle twice. Bernedoodle Generations Chart This table about Bernedoodle generations is available for you to reference as you read this article. This will help you remember the theoretical DNA percentages of the Bernedoodle generations. However, keep in mind that these DNA percentages are theoretical estimates. What is an F1 Bernedoodle? It is the most basic, first generation cross of a purebred Bernese Mountain Dog and a purebred Poodle. This first generation has a large amount of genetic diversity, so the F1 Bernedoodle appearance can widely vary. While most F1 Bernedoodles will likely shed less than a Bernese Mountain Dog, they still have a decent probability of shedding a little and triggering allergy-sufferers. So, if you have dog allergies, you may have better luck with some other generations of Bernedoodles. The genetic diversity of the F1 Bernedoodle offers the benefit of having lower odds of inherited genetic conditions that appear in purebred breeds. So while mixed breed dogs generally are at a lower risk for these issues, the F1 generation of Bernedoodles is the safest bet for avoiding these genetic Bernedoodle health issues. F1 Bernedoodle Price Prices will vary widely and are more based on location, breeder reputation, and size than their generation. For instance, merle-colored Bernedoodles will typically be more expensive, regardless of generation. Smaller Bernedoodle sizes also tend to cost more. Photo courtesy of aspen. What is an F1B Bernedoodle? It is a first generation F1 Bernedoodle bred with a Poodle. As mentioned earlier, it could be an F1 Bernedoodle bred back to a Bernese Mountain Dog, but this type of breeding rarely takes place. So it is safe to assume that an F1B Bernedoodle has been backcrossed to a Poodle unless otherwise noted. With the F1B Bernedoodle, you lose some of the genetic diversity, by reintroducing the Poodle. However the advantage is a more predictable coat. The more Poodle DNA a puppy has, the more likely they are to be lower shedding and more hypoallergenic, as compared to an F1 Bernedoodle. So this generation is a safer bet for families dealing with mild allergies. Related: Are Bernedoodles Hypoallergenic? We Surveyed 47 Allergy Sufferers! However, prices will vary widely and are more based on location, breeder reputation, and size than by their generation. What is an F1BB Bernedoodle? It is the result of breeding an F1B Bernedoodle with a Poodle. The BB indicates that this generation is backcrossed twice with a Poodle. The F1BB Bernedoodle generation is designed with allergy sufferers in mind. Because this generation is closer to the Poodle than the Bernese Mountain Dog, it has a much better chance of being non-shedding and hypoallergenic, although it is important to remember that there are no guarantees. But if allergies are a concern, an F1BB Bernedoodle is the best generation for you to seek out. There will be less genetic diversity than in other generations. Both appearance and temperament are more likely to be Poodle-like. While this means you are more likely to get a hypoallergenic coat, this also means this coat will likely be curly and high-maintenance when it comes to grooming. Photo courtesy of barleygirly on Instagram. What is an F2 Bernedoodle? There are a number of parental combinations that can produce the F2 Bernedoodle generation. However the most common breeding is between two first generation Bernedoodles creating a litter of second generation Bernedoodles. Because it is hard to predict the traits that will be produced in F2 Bernedoodles, they are not as commonly bred as other generations. In these breedings, puppies can sometimes end up being closer to Bernese Mountain Dogs in appearance and personality. If allergies are not a concern, and you prefer the traits of the Bernese Mountain Dog, then an F2 Bernedoodle may be a good choice for you. F2 Bernedoodle Price F2 Bernedoodles are usually less expensive, but prices will vary widely and are more based on location, breeder reputation, and size than by their generation. Photo courtesy of missmiraandmae on Instagram. What is an F2B Bernedoodle? This is the result of an F2 Bernedoodle with a Poodle. This will increase the chance that this generation will be non-shedding and hypoallergenic. It can also mean this generation may inherit the Poodles curly, higher-maintenance coat. However, as they are less likely to shed, this can be a decent generation for allergy sufferers. F2B Bernedoodle Price While an F2B Bernedoodle will usually cost more than an F2 Bernedoodle, prices will vary widely and are more based on location, breeder reputation, and size than by their generation. Photo courtesy of sweetlifeofjuneau on Instagram. What is an F2BB Bernedoodle? As we have learned above, the BB means backcrossed to a Poodle twice. This is also sometimes referred to as a Multigen Bernedoodle. So while there are no guarantees when it comes to DNA, the F2BB is a safer bet for allergy sufferers than some of the other Bernedoodle generations. Prices will vary widely and are more based on location, breeder reputation, and size than by their generation. Photo courtesy of mochaforthegram on Instagram. What is an F3 Bernedoodle? F3 Bernedoodle can be a challenge to breed and can create unpredictable results, so they are not often bred. Like the F2 Bernedoodle generation, they do not produce as consistent of puppies. F3 Bernedoodles are commonly referred to as Multigen or Multigenerational Bernedoodles. F3 Bernedoodle Price When it comes to F3 Bernedoodles, prices will vary widely and are more based on location, breeder reputation, and size than by their generation. Photo courtesy of thetrumannewmanshow on Instagram. What is a Multigen Bernedoodle? Multigenerational Bernedoodles, or Multigen Bernedoodles for short, are a common way of referring to any Bernedoodle generation that is beyond an F2. If you ask a good Bernedoodle breeder who advertises Multigen puppies what generation they are, they should be able to tell you the specific generation. Multigen Bernedoodle Price Prices will vary widely and are more based on location, breeder reputation, and size than by their generation. Especially for Multigen Bernedoodles, which encompass a lot of specific generations, there is a wide price range. Photo courtesy of copleyoncoppelia on Instagram. The debate between an F1 vs F1B Bernedoodle is highly subjective, and really depends on what you are looking for. F1 Bernedoodles are more likely to have that classic doodle look, with a coat that is closer in texture to a Bernese Mountain Dog. The F1 also has the most genetic diversity, which can lower the chance your Bernedoodle will have to deal with genetic health issues throughout its life. However, if someone in your household suffers from allergies, and F1B Bernedoodle is a safer bet. The puppies will have more predictable traits and they will be closer to a Poodle DNA. That means they are more likely to inherit the Poodles non-shedding, hypoallergenic coat if you are choosing between an F1 vs F1B Bernedoodle. Like any debate, there and pros and cons to weigh between the F1 vs F2 Bernedoodle. F1 Bernedoodles are easier to breed and have more predictable traits than F2 Bernedoodles. If you are choosing between an F1B vs F2B Bernedoodle, you will find they are very similar, as they are both back crosses with Poodles and are good choices for mild allergy sufferers. As they are so similar, it is more important to consider the reputation of the breeder. Breeders of the F1B vs F2B Bernedoodle generations should make sure to do genetic testing to make sure they are limiting the risk of genetic issues. Compare other factors including price, location, and feedback from families with puppies from this breeder. If all else seems equal, the F1B Bernedoodle generation offers greater hybrid vigor and genetic diversity. What Generation Bernedoodle is Best? It may be hard to determine what generation Bernedoodle is best for your family. The most important factor to consider is if you have allergies. If allergies are not a concern, the F1 Bernedoodle will give you that classic doodle look, while also having the greatest genetic diversity and usually the lowest price. With that said, finding a responsible Bernedoodle breeder is the most important factor to selecting your pup. Bernedoodle generations are only as good as the breeder and the extent of the genetic testing they do. The more information they can offer about the parents of the puppies, the better. While genetic testing helps reduce the risk of future health concerns, there are never any guarantees, so choosing a great pet insurance policy will help you care for your Bernedoodle throughout their life. Click here to get an instant, online pet insurance quote from Healthy Paws! What do you do if you share your life with a Bernedoodle now and you want to know what generation they are? You can reach out to the breeder, but if your dog is a rescue or if you have lost contact with the breeder, there are other ways to figure it out! Many doodle owners choose to do a simple, mail-in dog DNA test from Embark.

History Where are German Shepherd Dogs from? Perhaps never in the history of any breed has such concerted effort been put into improving a dog, mostly due to the formation in of the Verein fur Deutsche Scharferhunde SV, an organization in Germany devoted to overseeing the breeding of the German Shepherd. Breeders sought to develop not only a herding dog but also one that could excel at jobs requiring courage, athleticism, and intelligence. During World War I, they were the obvious choice for a war sentry. The Wolfdog was later dropped as it caused many people to fear the dogs. How big do German Shepherd Dogs get? The double-coat, with a thick undercoat that sheds twice annually, loses hair continuously but can be maintained with regular brushing one or two times weekly. What are the German Shepherd Dog colors? Black, tan, solid black and solid sable. How long do German Shepherd Dogs live? Lifespan: 10—12 years What are some German Shepherd Dogs facts and information? The German Shepherd held the number one spot in American popularity for many years. Although presently it has dropped from the top spot, the German Shepherd remains as one of the most versatile dogs ever created, serving as a police dog, war dog, guide dog, search-and-rescue dog, narcotics- or explosives-detecting dog, show dog, pet—and even shepherd. Related Content. Life Span Did You Know? The German Shepherd is one of the most versatile, well-recognized, and popular dog breeds in the world. The modern German Shepherd is descended from a family of various German herding dogs. Breed standards were not developed until the late 19th century when Captain Max von Stephanitz, a German cavalry officer, worked with Arthur Meyer and other breeders to develop the ideal German herding dog. Stephanitz and Meyer wrote the breed standard in and the American Kennel Club recognized the German Shepherd as a member of the Herding Group in .Although they were originally bred as herding dogs, they were also bred for versatility, which made the German Shepherd an all-around working dog that could excel in a variety of applications. German Shepherds are one of the common dog breeds employed in K-9 units in both police and military applications. They also make great service dogs and, of course, are still awesome herding dogs and farm dogs! The German Shepherd is a strong-willed and highly intelligent dog. They have a playful, energetic spirit and tend to get along with children, other dogs, and other pets, which makes them a great family companion. A born protector, the German Shepherd will provide a great sense of security for their family while their loving and lively personality will make them fit right in as a companion. German Shepherds are naturally protective and can be wary of strangers at first. A well-socialized German Shepherd will bark to alert you and tends to warm up to strangers once introduced. German Shepherds are dogs that were bred to herd and work. This, plus their high energy, makes them a better fit for homes with fenced yards where they can run. They can adapt well to larger apartments as long as plenty of time is dedicated to ensuring they get enough exercise, mental stimulation, and attention every day. A bored, ignored, or under-exercised German Shepherd can often become a destructive one. They also can be sensitive to their surroundings and large gatherings can be off-putting. With a longer coat, they tend to prefer cooler climates and are sensitive to heat. The German Shepherd is a generally healthy breed, but there are some potential health concerns and good breeding practices make a big difference. Potential health concerns to be aware of in a German Shepherd include hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia , and degenerative myelopathy. Reputable breeders will screen their dogs to avoid passing preventable issues to puppies. So, make sure you are asking about the health and genetic history of both parents. You can also ask about any health tests or clearances that have been done. As a barrel-chested breed, the German Shepherd is also at risk for bloat. While the German Shepherd is highly intelligent and highly trainable, they are generally not recommended for novice owners. If you are a novice dog owner, enroll in puppy training classes or enlist the help of a professional dog trainer; not just for your dog, but for yourself as well. Training assistance will help you grow in experience and build a strong bond between you and your German Shepherd puppy, which is essential. Also, the GSD has a thirst for training and fulfillment. They get bored easily and especially with repetition, so continued training with your German Shepherd throughout their life will be necessary. German Shepherds have a medium-to-long double coat. They will shed year-round and heavier as seasons change. Brushing a few times a week is usually sufficient; brushing daily is even better and your GSD will likely love you for it. Bathing is occasional on an as-needed basis. Ear checks weekly with careful cleanings as needed can help prevent ear infections. German Shepherds are high-energy working dogs. Not only do they require a lot of daily activity, but they also are a herding breed that was made to run, guard, and observe, so they need a job to do to be happy and healthy. Daily walks plus playtime, time to run, and other activities are usually enough for a GSD, but they will likely be up for more activity if you are. With their versatility and athleticism, you can try a lot of different activities when puppies finish growing and they are cleared for higher-impact things. A fully-grown German Shepherd usually stands inches tall and weighs pounds. German Shepherds generally live for years on average. Corporal Duncan brought him back to the United States and Rin-Tin-Tin became one of the most famous dog actors in history. Featured German Shepherd Article. May not even be aware of the breed standard. Breeds to any convenient dog. Strives towards the ideal. Often helps to define it. Does not need to promote establishment; sells to brokers, pet shops, etc. Often rescues only to attain more stock. Rarely attends shows or trials. Shows and trials to objectively test breeding stock. Often judges, provides seminars, writes articles, and willingly mentors serious Hobby Breeders. Knowledge Often pretends to know some. May share false or incomplete information. Studies continuously. Impacts the breed for many decades with knowledge of dogs over many generations. All pups sold have full breeding rights. Yes, and diligently follows up on progeny. Keeps up with health and temperament issues affecting the breeding and provides in-depth guarantees No need to; mostly supplies brokers and pet shops. Meets minimum standards as required by state law. May refuse to acknowledge most problems. Maintains a solid support system — accepts full responsibility for every puppy produced. Performs health testing for all breeding stock for genetic diseases affecting the particular breed. No interest, may offer papers as proof of quality. Papers alone are not proof of quality. No interest. May provide undocumented paperwork for appearances sake. Is unfamiliar with health testing usually statements of good health are stated to impress consumers. Intensive testing always a priority. Often initiates club sponsored seminars and clinics. Maintains records on all dogs in gene pool including progeny. Often supplies brokers and pet shops, records unavailable. Dogs and puppies are often auctioned off in lots, records unavailable. Focuses mostly on current dogs, no records or knowledge of genes. Attempts to continuously track every puppy produced. Bases entire breeding program on extensive gene pool data. Clean environment always maintained Minimum standards vary greatly in cleanliness. Minimum standards maintained for state inspections. Conditions may vary greatly depending on available income, usually makeshift accommodations. Clean, healthy and mentally stimulating environment. Expected longevity with any particular breed Will continue as long as the sales are coming. Depends on popularity of specific breeds. Unrealistic expectations — easily disillusioned. On a mission-plans to stay for the long haul. Health guarantee provided No, it cuts into profits. No health guarantee beyond proof of first set of vaccines, if that. Not qualified to give advice if a problem arises. Offers written guarantee and is available to answer questions to new owners. Good knowledge of history in dogs. Extensive knowledge of health history, offers replacements to owners of genetically affected dogs. Ability to meet the parents of the litter If available, may be in poor physical condition. If available, dogs are not used to contact with people. May or may not be well loved and cared for companions, often unwilling to show entire litter or parents to buyer. Shows friendly mother and entire litter in clean environment; stud dog too, if in residence. Helps buyer choose appropriate puppy. Can explain how breeding was planned to emphasize specific qualities and can speak at length about how puppies compare. What you can expect after purchase Nothing, may not be able to contact at all. No concern for dog after sale is final. Available for questions, and wants to keep in touch. Will take back dog or puppy at any time. After purchase will help with training and grooming, available for all questions and knows the answers. Price Priced according to market, but is marked up from original source for profit. Mid-range to move puppies quickly. High end of mid-range. Price will not reflect all that is invested. Use only physically sound, mature dogs of stable temperament for breeding. These characteristics are rarely, if ever, determined before the age of two for females. Continue to educate themselves regarding genetic diseases pertinent to the breed including, hip and elbow dysplasia. Documentation of hip and elbow screenings should be available to prospective puppy buyers. Apply the same high standards to outside bitches sent to their stud dogs as they apply to their own breeding stock. Temperament testing of a litter before puppies are offered for sale is encouraged. Take appropriate steps to have each puppy examined by a licensed veterinarian for general health prior to placement. Each puppy should be vaccinated and de-wormed by a veterinarian. Endeavor to gain personal knowledge of the temperament and health of every dog they breed, or to which they breed, in order to gather information on which to base future breeding decisions. They share this information fully and honestly with other breeders and with prospective buyers. Sell breeding prospects to knowledgeable, ethical and experienced persons or are willing to help educate and guide novices. Do not engage in misleading or untrue advertising and do not use GSDCA membership as a marketing tool. Do not sell, supply, donate or surrender any dog for which they are responsible to a pet shop, catalogue house, wholesale dealer in dogs, Humane Society or to a laboratory. They should have reasonable assurance that each individual receiving a dog will provide a home with appropriate shelter, restraint, control and responsible care. Encourage puppy buyers to go to puppy obedience classes to help their puppies to become better canine good citizens. The achievement of a Canine Good Citizen certificate should be encouraged. Since homeowners insurance and local laws vary greatly, a refusal to let you visit the kennels may not, in and of itself, be a bad sign. You should ask for and receive a satisfactory explanation. The puppies are not social or look sickly. How to read those ads. A few more things to look out for. Anyone can buy a puppy from a champion, but it does not mean that they have any other interest in the breed but to bank on the name and make money. Having a Champion in a pedigree is like having a billionaire relative. AKC registration does not guarantee quality. AKC papers are much like the title of a car; papers are issued to the junked Chevy on blocks in your yard just as easily as they are on a brand new, shiny Jaguar. AKC does not control breeding, approve litters, or guarantee temperaments. AKC Registration is automatic if you buy from a reputable breeder — they will provide all necessary paperwork when you buy a puppy. There are several groups that are registering dogs, even mixed breeds, for a fee. This registration means nothing, and is of no value to you. Are there too many defects for the animal to be bred? Shop with care. Rarely will a good breeder have the luck to own both dogs for the perfect litter. There are some good and very reasonable reasons to have both parents on site. However, you need to ask the right questions and understand why this is true. They might be, they might not. Are they too big to be cute anymore? Need more money? Is there a problem? Usually because there are more on the way. Be very wary of this one. Will a Breeder Ask Me Questions? Conscientious breeders want the best available home for their puppies. This determines the amount of time you will have available for your new addition. There are very important items that should be supplied by the breeder. Breeders will typically give you the following items: A signed pedigree A current Health Record; including de-wormings and vaccinations. American Kennel Club registration papers or application Sales contract. The type of contract varies and must be mutually agreeable to the breeder and buyer. Much depends on what you expect from the puppy show, pet, or performance. Feeding schedule including the type and amount of food. Copy of OFA certification of sire and dam, if available.

Disclosure: This post contains affiliate links, and I will be compensated if you make a purchase after clicking on my links. Take back control of their behavior using these quick and easy solutions to stop German Shepherd biting that actually works. Even better, have a set of toys that are only used when you want to engage in play with your puppy. Hide these toys in a basket or box after your game of play. This makes them extra special. They are under your control and your dog must give them back to you. Special toys are more fun for your pup to bite than you. When in doubt of what special toy your dog likes, choose from this specially-curated list of what toys German Shepherds love for interactive toy ideas to keep your dog entertained. Say OUCH! When your pup bites you, say OUCH firmly. This simple technique catches the attention of many puppies when done correctly and can train a German Shepherd puppy to not bite you. You could also make a YIP sound instead, just like their little brother and sisters would make a yipping noise when playing too rough. If they continue to bite and nip, say OUCH again and then get up immediately and leave the room for a few moments. You may return to play but keep repeating this simple process until they learn to keep their teeth on their toys. This will only encourage them to continue their unwanted behavior. Use Puppy-Safe Partition Gates Only use pet-safe partition gates that are high enough to prevent your German Shepherd from jumping over. If your pup bites you aggressively when you and your family walk past you, then use an exercise pen or this German Shepherd-sized pet safe partition gate to contain them. Only use pet-safe partition gates that are high enough to prevent and discourage your German Shepherd from jumping over to continue to try and bite you. Use the items during busy times in your home to keep your dog calm and out of areas that might increase their excitement and biting and nipping you. Puppies tend to bite and chew when their teeth are coming in. They do this to relieve the pain and help soothe themselves. Freeze a durable large Kong with their favorite treats and kibble and have them on hand for times when your dog is acting out and biting you. Give them a Kong to gnaw on and bring icy relief to their gums. Plus, chewing has been shown to help relax and calm dogs. Redirections are actions that keep your pup from engaging in unwanted behavior by showing them appropriate behavior. For example: When your dog nips you, find their teething toy to bite instead. When your dog jumps on you to bite your hands or ankles, look around for a Kong to give to them to bite on. Squeaky toys like this toy that continues to squeak , even after a puncture, are ideal to distract your dog from your hand to another object. These toys differ from their special toys mentioned above because these redirection toys are ones you leave out for your pup to chew most of the time. So, be sure to have them nearby! Use Daily Leadership Skills How many times a day do you teach your German Shepherd to listen to you and offer them leadership? Use daily interactions as an effective way of teaching your dog about leadership. Have them sit before you take them for a walk or exiting a door. Ignore them altogether. Only offer them interaction and come back to them when they show you calming behaviors. Our dogs love our attention. And German Shepherds crave it! An overfed dog that is under-exercised may display destructive behaviors because of boredom and lack of energy needs being met. Get up off the couch and go outside for a walk and sniff party. Low impact activities and free-running off-leash running are best. Choose from a list of fun and gentle, age-appropriate German Shepherd puppy exercises to keep your pup healthy and better behaved. Stop roughhousing with your dog before it frustrates them. Use appropriate, puppy-safe toys instead of play sessions. This way, your pup can bite the toy instead of your fingers, hands, or arms. You may also stress out your GSD by engaging them rough of play. For your pup to either keep up with the play or stop you from too rough play, they may bite you! From day one, avoid play that involves mouthing or teeth on the skin. Use toys to provide your dog a way they can bite to release their energy… Without nipping you! And this game is great because it teaches your dog a necessary life skill. Practice the game: multiple times a day for 2 to 3 minutes at a time Your pup learns impulse control during the game and this transfers over to their ability to stop themselves from biting you. Read below for the easy-to-follow directions. If your dog gets too worked up and then bites, then teach them this Rev Up and Cool Down game. After a few running steps and before your pup gets too excited, stop running and walk slowly. Keep moving slowly until your dog also slows down. When you see them slow down, take a few more steps calmly and peacefully. Continue with steps one through three. Each time your dog should slow down sooner and quicker. If your puppy knows any of these basic German Shepherd commands , incorporate those commands to make the training more interesting and fun. The link above will also easily explain how to teach over ten commands! The point of the Rev Up and Cool Down game is to teach them to settle and stay calm without nipping and biting you. You need to keep your pup exercised, mentally stimulated, and show them what calming behavior is. Be fair and understanding. A Shepherd is a joy to own when given the direction they desire and the commitment they need. Found this helpful? Share it! She has a Bachelor of Science degree, with Honors, and has been training dogs for over a decade. Related Posts. Nylabone Big Chew Chew Toy Remember that your German Shepherd should not be chewing toys the entire day, as this can become another behavior problem. Instead, give chew toys when your dog shows signs of putting his mouth on what he should not. Other chewing considerations: Edible chews are a good alternative to mix things up a bit for your GSD. Edible chews for teeth cleaning are also ideal, and my GSD loves Dentastix from Amazon, especially the variety pack. Avoid rawhide chews , as these can be dangerous for some dogs. I prefer alternatives to rawhide, but it really does depend on your dog. This interesting study investigated the effects of giving the horn of a calf hoof as a chew. The resulting finding was that although the hooves provided a positive experience for the dogs as a chew, they should not be given to prevent tooth lesions. Using anti-chew commands is important in deterring your dog from destructive chewing when you notice his attention to a non-chew object, such as wooden furniture in your home. Keep Your German Shepherd Dog Well-Exercised As a high-energy and extremely smart dog, an adult German Shepherd requires plenty of mental and physical stimulation with at least 2 hours of exercise daily. This can be distributed between a morning and evening walk and the play and training exercises during the day. If your German Shepherd is under-exercised, his high energy and smartness will have to be directed to other outlets. Besides, he will feel bored and frustrated, resulting in destructive behavior and that could be excessive chewing. Research on dog anxiety found that those who had little daily exercise as puppies were more prone to separation anxiety and noise sensitivity when compared to those who had the recommended amount of daily exercise. Do Not Offer Old Possessions As Chew Alternatives Some dog owners think that it is ok to offer their German Shepherd old shoes, rags, or cast-off clothes to chew instead of the valuable ones still in use. Wrong thinking! If you give your dog an old shoe to chew, you are reinforcing his preference for chewing shoes. Once the old shoe is all destroyed and no longer good to chew, your German Shepherd will look for your latest purchase to replace the consumed one! Dogs are dogs, and they do not know the difference between an old shoe and a brand new one! Spray the appalling deterrent on the objects you want to keep your dog from chewing. Reapply the deterrent daily for weeks so that your dog permanently associates the object with the smell or taste. Note that coupling the deterrent with another form of training that redirects your German Shepherd to chew permitted objects such as toys will be more effective in making your dog cease chewing your valuables. However, be careful with the latter as although the pepper is not harmful to your dog if swallowed, it may irritate his eyes if he gets it on his paws and then rubs his face. Also, you will need to supervise your German Shepherd when you use a deterrent for the first time. Some dogs can be daring and will brave bad odor or taste to get what they want! Ensure you use deterrents that are alcohol-free and safe for both your dog and your valuables, as well as non-staining. If using a homemade deterrent, make sure you know which foods are poisonous to your German Shepherd. Most dogs love their crate and see it as their special place where they can go to relax or sleep after a good exercise session. They give you more options when deciding where in your home to place it, but this one also has a single-door option. You may want to leave him two or three toy chews to keep him busy. Your GSD should be caged for the rest of the time. Remember that the maximum number of hours you should leave your dog in a crate is four. More than that is considered extreme, and your dog may even turn to self-destructive behavior like biting himself or chewing his crate to the point of hurting his teeth and mouth. This allows for early diagnosis and treatment should your GSD be suffering from any of the conditions. Suppose the medical condition is psychological, like in anxiety, working with a behavioral therapist is advised. However, in all cases, ensure that your dog has a proper professional diagnosis before initiating any treatment or therapy. Final Thoughts Chewing is a normal and instinctual exploratory behavior in German Shepherds and all dog breeds. This means that you should not try to eliminate it. Dogs chew to find relief from teething discomfort or strengthen their teeth and jaws. When chewing is constant, targets valuables, and causes harm to your German Shepherd, then it becomes abnormal and destructive and should be stopped. Abnormal chewing in German Shepherds can be caused by poor training in puppyhood, anxiety, insufficient exercise, boredom and frustration, attention-seeking, and predisposing medical conditions. Related Posts You May Like:. Check Price on Amazon 4. Use Positive Reinforcement Positive reinforcement means giving something pleasant to your German Shepherd when they perform what you want them to do so that they learn to associate the correct behavior with the reward. The more this is repeated, they will remember and do it more often. The reward is a reinforcing motivation. In the above example of redirecting your GSDs biting to a chew toy, once he accepts the toy and starts to chew or play with it, you then offer lots of enthusiastic verbal praise and reward with a treat. Again, timing is important, and this must be done instantly so that your German Shepherd will recognize or associate his behavior with the correct action. You can give other rewards, but these may be more suited to older pups, adolescent dogs, or adults. Alternatives could be giving them a special toy, playing their favorite game, such as fetch, or taking them on their favorite walk. Always use lots of verbal praise in parallel to the reward you choose. You will, no doubt, soon get to learn where your dog prefers to be pet. Go here for more guidance on where to pet your German Shepherd. This is also useful when your German Shepherd starts to put his mouth around your possessions or furniture, ready to have a good gnaw! Using a time-out can effectively discipline a German Shepherd for biting and other undesirable behaviors. A great way to do this is to grab their collar, push their bum down, and make them sit. The idea is that your German Shepherd will quickly learn to associate that the fun stops when his nipping starts! As always, timing is critical, so your pup learns what he has done wrong at the precise moment. For very young puppies, you should only put them in time-out for a few seconds, between 7 and 10, and no longer than 30 seconds. At the end of the time-out, redirect your pup back to play and use lots of verbal praise or offer a training treat for good onward behavior. You must time the click at the exact moment your pet is doing what you want to reinforce. If you quickly reward your dog with a positive experience such as a treat, he will soon learn to associate the noise of the click with great things. The idea is that you condition your German Shepherd so that when he hears the sound of the clicker, he knows he has done something to please you. In the case of puppy biting, we are simply rewarding the puppy for choosing not to bite. You can achieve this by using the distraction technique described above. When the puppy makes the right choice and starts to bite on his chew toy, he hears the click and gets his treat. Look out for other symptoms such as drooling more than usual, bad breath, loss of appetite, or sneezing. If you are consistent and patient with your methods, you will achieve great results. Be firm but fair, which also helps to strengthen the loving bond between you and your dog. It leads to fear, avoidance, hurt feelings, guilt, stress, anxiety, and lack of trust. Owners should use positive reinforcement methods as much as possible. In another year-long study by the University of Pennsylvania, researchers found that using confrontational or aversive methods to teach aggressive dogs did not work. The dogs continued to be aggressive until the training methods were changed. The same study found that punishing techniques and dominance-based training, such as hitting or kicking, growling, or yelling at your dog, can cause aggression, as stated by Meghan E. An even more recent study in companion dogs suggests that using even mild punishments like yelling and leash-jerking can stress dogs out more than dogs taught using reward-based training. This stress causes negative consequences and poorer welfare. Alpha rolling is a controversial and outdated technique that physically puts your dog on his back or side in a submissive position to show that you are dominant or the Alpha. This old-fashioned technique is a form of positive punishment and was often used to house-train pups. Many people will have used this method decades ago without success, but at the time, they believed it was the right thing to do. For a positive punishment to work, the problem is that it has to be administered during or immediately after the act within 2 -3 seconds ; otherwise, the dog will not make the connection. Sometimes puppies naturally get over-excited and overtired. When this happens, instead of using the crate as a punishment, lure him into the crate with a treat offering lots of praise and letting him go down for a nap. If you feel sorry for your German Shepherd after disciplining him, you must never reward him out of guilt. Again, this only confuses your dog. Remember to be firm but fair. While a muzzle can prevent your dog from biting, it is not a solution to the underlying behavior issue. Muzzling your German Shepherd without addressing the root cause of their biting can lead to further behavioral problems and may even make the situation worse. Is it ever too late to discipline a German Shepherd for biting? It is never too late to discipline a German Shepherd for biting, but it may take more time and effort to modify their behavior if the biting has become a habit. Start with identifying the root cause and then take the guidance of an expert to set boundaries and train better to eradicate unwanted behavior. Final Thoughts Puppy biting is natural in all dogs. However, you now know the importance of disciplining your German Shepherd as soon as he starts to exhibit biting, nipping, and chewing behavior and how to do it. This is especially important with the German Shepherd breed as they quickly grow into big strong dogs. That could end in disaster for all concerned. No matter what you are teaching your German Shepherd, try to train him when young; 8 weeks old is a great time to start. Make sure you properly socialize him and give him lots of exercise and training will be much easier. Related Posts You May Like:. Puppies Have you ever reached down to play with a German Shepherd puppy, only to have that adorable little fur-ball pierce your skin with its razor-sharp puppy teeth? When I brought Allie into the family, she was fully in the German Shepherd puppy biting phase — so that first month was tough! Unfortunately, biting is an inevitable phase of puppyhood — it comes with the territory when you decide to be a puppy parent. My goal with this guide is to get you through the biting stage with as few battle scars as possible. Why do German Shepherd Puppies Bite? Up until this time, your puppy was with its littermates, and playtime meant lots of mouthy, nipping fun. Accordingly, this is the only way your GSD knows how to play! A German Shepherd puppy also uses their mouths to explore different things like toys — or hands, ankles, furniture… pretty much anything they can get their mouth around. Your puppy could also be teething, which can increase their mouthy behavior. Just be patient as you work through the German Shepherd puppy biting phase — give your pup time to learn to be gentle when playing or seeking your attention. Nothing is worse than an ankle-biter! I was very lucky not to have this problem with Allie. Why does your German Shepherd puppy target the ankles? Because your GSD is a working dog trying to do its job — herd you around the house like livestock. German Shepherds were originally bred for herding flocks of sheep. Your furry pal may also think heel nipping is just a really fun game. Using a toy as a distraction and keeping your pup active will help nip ankle nipping in the bud! Because she was too busy biting hands! There are lots of reasons why a pup may decide to start biting your hands. For one, good things treats, toys, love, attention come from hands. Also, hands are almost like swinging toys from the perspective of a playful pup — too enticing to pass up! How to Discourage Biting Behavior While the German Shepherd puppy biting phase is a rite of passage, there are some ways you can discourage bad biting behavior without harsh discipline. This is one of the most effective ways to teach your German Shepherd bite inhibition — or how to be gentle with her teeth. Think about when your pup was rolling and playing with their brothers and sisters — if your GSD was too rough, their sibling would let out a yelp. This trick worked great with Allie! Just make sure to be consistent until your pup gets the idea and learns to master the power of her jaws. Puppies will be puppies! Redirect the biting to an appropriate toy. For example, when your fuzzy friend latches onto your ankles, give a little puppy-like yelp, and then whip out a toy and encourage your dog to chew on that instead. Tug-of-war is the perfect game for the puppy biting phase. Socialize your puppy as much as possible. Other dogs are great at teaching your puppy that they playing too rough and biting too hard. Try a deterrent to prevent your dog from chewing or biting. If all else fails, there are lots of products designed to deter your dog from bad biting behavior. How do they work? Well, they taste awful. But if used correctly, they can definitely work. This is still attention — your puppy bites, your puppy gets attention. Otherwise, your pup may see this as a fun new game, kind of like tug-of-war but with your hands or feet as the toy. You want your furball to love playing with you! The goal here is to encourage your German Shepherd to play as much as ever but to play gently. As a pup, Allie thought she should greet everyone by jumping in their face and nipping — kind of like a kiss hello, but with teeth. And as she got bigger, it was harder to control. But trust me, it got old quickly. Be proactive. If I knew someone was coming over, I would put Allie in another room or in her crate. Once our visitor was in the house and the initial excitement had passed, I would let her out. By keeping her from greeting people right when they walked through the door, I could minimize her overzealous behavior. This is a simple command that teaches your dog to stay in her place until you give a release command. This is another way to allow the initial excitement to pass and your German Shepherd to calm down a bit before greeting anyone. Redirect attention to a toy like I talked about earlier. Fold your arms and turn away. Keep turning until your GSD stops jumping, then praise them and use a treat as a reward. What to Do If Biting Becomes Aggressive Although puppy mouthing is normal, there can be cases where biting can signal problems and possibly even aggression. Look for physical differences in your pup. If your puppy is having a moment of aggression, their body may stiffen when snarling, and bites will typically be more painful than during regular play. Also, if your GSD puppy is biting out of fear or frustration, you may need to take action. These types of behavior are not something your pup will just grow out of. While the biting phase will inevitably end, you may find yourself asking the infamous question — when do German Shepherds calm down!? I asked myself and our vet this question more than once! It honestly just depends. Sure, she had her calm moments thanks in part to her training , but she was still very hyper especially in more excitable moments. The type of German Shepherd dog is yet another variable that plays a role in its energy levels. So when do German Shepherds calm down? It really depends on your individual German Shepherd. Final Thoughts Unfortunately, the German Shepherd puppy biting phase is something all GSD puppy owners will go through, but it will pass. Try the tips above to help keep your sanity during this phase. Or any tips to help the rest of us? Please share! If you find it cute that your little German Shepherd puppy is biting your hand, think again! GSDs grow-up to become strong and muscular dogs. However, once a GSD pup grows , its biting habits are not cute at all. Trust me on this one. Little pups that bite on hands or chew on toys are doing so because they are developing teeth. Recently, we got a new addition to our GSD family, a cute male named Bobby, and surely Bobbly likes to bite everything. We did order a set of tug ropes for him and it is working. Here is the model that we ordered from Chewy. They chew on toys because their gums feel irritated and to make the pain go away, they bite and chew on things. This behavior during the teething period is very normal and not much of a problem. Another reason that GSDs bite a lot is that they did not receive proper training as pups. When people start to appreciate or encourage GS biting or nipping, they are making it develop this into a habit. Your dog will start to bite at visitors and household items. This is a problem that needs to be controlled right away or else someone will end up getting hurt. If you let your GSD bite and nip, you are letting it take over. Biting and nipping is also a play game for GSD pups. They like to bite other pups in the litter, and this is usually harmless. However, when a pup gets hurt unintentionally, it makes a loud sound. This sound is an indication for the pup that it is hurt, and it is time to stop. There are several ways you can train your pup not to bite or nip. If your pup is biting because of teething, it is not a problem. The first step is to tell your dog that biting is not acceptable. You will do this with the help of voice commands , body language, and hand signals. When you stop playing with your pup the moment it bites, it will associate no play with biting. Repeat this practice whenever your GSD bites or nips. It will help your GSD learn that biting and nipping is not appreciated. Put your other finger lightly beneath its chin. Your pup will not be able to bite you and in this uncomfortable situation, it will try to get your fingers out of its mouth. This is an effective technique that will make the puppy feel uncomfortable and it will avoid biting you. Remember, you will have to repeat this technique several times until your pup completely hates taking your hand in its mouth. Pull your hand backward and pinch your pup in the neck. Do not pinch too tightly. This will make the pup associate pinching with No, and it will soon stop biting you. Be Consistent in what You Teach If you are trying to train your dog to behave and stop biting and nipping, make sure you are doing it with consistency and repetition. While training a GSD, you will need to repeat your technique several times until it starts to learn. Your GSD needs to know that biting and nipping is not acceptable and will upset you. You will also need to become the leader of your dog, not a friend of the same level. When the dog accepts you as a leader, it starts to follow the rules you set and the commands you give. Do not let your puppy bite on your hands during the training process. Reward Good Behavior If your dog is doing well and following your orders, do not forget to offer it a treat. Food treats are a kind of reward that you offer your dog only when it learns something. Make sure you have enough treats with you when you are training your pup. This way your GSD will learn that no biting means a yummy treat. You can also sign-up for our newsletter to get an expert opinion on GSD behaviors. An aggressive pound dog pouncing on you can get quite ugly fast. Think broken bones, damaged muscles, deep lacerations, bruises, scars, and expensive medical bills. German Shepherds have a bite force of PSI pound-force per square inch, or the measure of strength that a bite inflicts on the victim , compared to humans with a bite force of PSI. In fact, the American Animal Hospital Association lists the German Shepherd as one of the six breeds with the most dangerous bites, based on a US study. Therefore, training your GSD to inhibit her bite is mandatory as it not only rewards you with a well-behaved dog, but also ensures your safety as well as the safety of the people around you. A crucial step towards correcting this nasty behavior is to first understand why German Shepherd puppies bite. Nipping or biting stems from various reasons. Understanding the root of the behavior will equip you with the proper corresponding countermeasures to correct it. German Shepherds Have a High Prey Drive One of the primary and distinct characteristics thatmake a German Shepherd a popular choice for police and military work is their high prey drive, coupled with their intelligence and high trainability. Take a look at the video below showing what GSDs were originally bred for. GSDs also have a natural inclination to chase almost everything that moves in their surroundings. They Are Teething As early as two weeks old, the baby teeth of pups start to come out. Puppies use their mouth to explore their environment, so nipping is to be expected. This behavior, called teething, can last until the puppy is six months old when all her adult teeth have started showing. Teething is very uncomfortable for puppies and can lead to sore gums, so puppies turn to anything to chew to soothe the discomfort. Unfortunately, this can include biting you! They May Be Taken From the Litter Too Early Young puppies learn to naturally inhibit their biting through socialization with their mother and their siblings. A puppy does not quite understand yet the force of her own bite unless she bites too hard and the recipient reacts by yelping out of pain. Taking a puppy away from her mother prematurely will therefore deprive her the chance to learn important socialization skills. As a rule of thumb, the American Kennel Club AKC recommends that you take home a puppy that is no less than eight weeks old. By this time, the puppy should have had ample time to interact with her playmates and learn bite inhibition. We concur that you should never take home a puppy that is less than 8 weeks old. In fact, more than half of the states in the U. This does not mean, however, that your puppy will completely stop nipping. As the new parent, it is your job to continue training the dog so that any subsequent bites should be gentler. For more on selecting the right German Shepherd puppy from a litter, including additional information on the proper age, what to look for in a puppy, and what to expect from ethical breeders, be sure to check out the 2 articles linked below: How to Buy a German Shepherd Puppy: A Step-by-Step Guide The Puppy Might Be Overstimulated, Fearful, or Anxious Sometimes puppies lose control of their bite because of overstimulation. Overstimulation can happen during playtime, or when your puppy has become cranky due to teasing. Your GSD puppy may also bite out of fear. Your puppy has but 2 defenses — to run away or to bite. If your puppy feels cornered, then biting is the defense that she will most often resort to. Because biting is normal canine behavior and GSDs are a breed that is more prone to it, the goal here is to inhibit the bite, not completely stop it. Do Start Training Early We keep mentioning throughout this site that training and socializing your GSD as soon as you get her home is crucial. Although training older dogs is not impossible, it is true that it is easier to train younger puppies, when habits are still new and can be easily corrected. If left untrained, adult German Shepherds can be prone to aggression towards other animals and humans, which can result in tragic situations. To get a better understanding of what is involved with these necessary steps, be sure to read these 2 excellent articles: German Shepherd Training Guide: All You Need to Know Do Use Toys as Alternative Items to Chew Puppies will nib on your hands or your feet especially during the teething stage. Train this behavior away by offering the puppy a toy whenever she starts biting your hand or your ankles. This teaches her what is acceptable to bite and which is not. It is good practice to always keep a chew toy nearby in anticipation of the biting behavior. She needs to understand that biting ends playtime and that it does not give her anything in return. In the Alpha Roll , the human pins down the dog on the floor on his side or back and holds that position to exert dominance. Besides, it has also been proven in many studies that dogs have very different behavior from wolves. Pinning your dog will cause him to freeze out of fear, which can also turn into aggression. It also teaches your dog that physical touch is something to be feared. Nobody wants to be punished by hand, not humans and certainly not dogs either. Do Reward Good Behavior Dog trainers and experts agree that positive reinforcement using rewards are highly effective in forming and keeping desirable behaviors as a puppy matures into an adult dog. If her nose touches your fingers without biting them, give her a treat and praise generously. Hold off the treat if she bites. Do this repeatedly until she associates the treat the reward with not biting your hand the good behavior. In fact, most dog bite cases in children occurred because of teasing! Instead, teach your child to be gentle with your pet , as even unintentional rough play can result in unwanted events. Dogs get cranky too, especially when they get hurt or feel that their privacy is being invaded. Never leave your child alone with your puppy unattended. Supervise their interactions at all times. Studies show that parents trust their dog around their kids too much that they overlook the signs that the dog is in distress. For tug games, keep in mind, however, that your dog must be calm and not overstimulated before playing. Otherwise, your puppy may get too serious and hold on to the rope too much. The AKC recommends that for breeds that are prone to aggression such as German Shepherds, tug-of-war can be safely carried out if the puppy knows you are in control and follows your commands. Once this has been established, a game of tugging can be used both as an exercise and as a reward for your dog. When playing, always remember to be gentle with tugging as your puppy still has baby teeth! By doing this, you are also socializing your puppy with other animals — an essential skill to learn for a well-rounded behavior. That being said, do not completely write off playing with your puppy! Playtime is still an excellent opportunity to bond with your dog, but make sure to keep it safe and fun by establishing boundaries. This method, however, is a matter of trial and error. Some puppies respond to this positively. On the other hand, many puppies get aroused by this and become even more aggressive. If you yelp and she stops biting without expressing any signs of aggression, the method has perhaps worked. You are then free to continue doing so until the puppy learns to stop biting hard. On the other hand, temper tantrums, according to the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals , are characterized by a stiff body, lips pulled back to show teeth, and growling. Biting will be more forceful and painful, since the behavior is typically caused by fear or anger. A German Shepherd puppy may be more prone to displaying this behavior, especially around unruly children. Bite inhibition is crucial especially among German Shepherds, a breed that is widely reported to be the culprit of many dog bites in America. Bite inhibition is simply one of the many important skills that your GSD must learn during her training. It can spell the difference between gentle playing and aggressive biting that leads to serious injuries. Always remember that dogs have feelings, too. They are not perfect little angels that never get angry. Even the most well-mannered dog in the world will snap out of irritation.

As a Premier Labrador Breeder of AKC and UKC registered, yellow, black, and chocolate Labrador retriever for over 41 years, nothing brings us more joy than providing a family with a happy, healthy, Labrador Retriever Puppies that we know will grow up in a loving home and provide its owners with years of joy. One of the greatest things about our labs is the versatility of the breed. Also, our focus has always been on producing champion Gun dogs. Furthermore, our labs have gone on to be: Water dogs, flushing dogs, pointing dogs, retrieving dogs, upland hunting dogs, waterfowl hunting dogs, dock jumpers, blood trackers, shed finders, deer dogs, therapy dogs, Wounded Warrior dogs, drug detection dogs, bomb detection dogs, family pets and dependable service dog prospects. Our goal is simple: We love our labs and strive to perfect the Labrador Retriever breed. Our process to accomplish our goal is as follows: Sound premier breeding practices of our Labs, careful pedigree selection, hip screening, elbow screening, eye screening, extensive DNA screening. In addition, we screen our Labrador parents for specific traits, intelligent, temperament, drive, adaptability, scenting ability, etc. .Finally, we exceed the Labrador Retriever bred standards. Furthermore, to protect our carefully selected premium labrador retriever lines, we sell our puppies with limited registrations. For those whom we allow to have full registration, they must agree to the same breeding practices and screening. We truly welcome the opportunity to discuss our available and up coming puppies, and adult dogs with you. For more information about our black, yellow and chocolate Labrador Retrievers for sale, please contact Punk Hollow Labrador Retriever, Today. .Print Looking for a new gun dog or duck dog? Many people start their search with good intentions. They want to find a good quality pup that will serve as a hunting companion as well as a family dog. However, somewhere along the way they end up just picking up a cute puppy that the family could not resist. Maybe, but it is a needle-in-the-haystack approach. While there is no guarantee that any puppy you bring home is going to grow into a well-mannered hunting partner, there are ways to stack the odds in your favor. Today, we are going to discuss the process I go through when looking for a new puppy. These are my opinions, so take it for what it is worth, but I do have extensive experience buying Labrador puppies. I have been doing this for over 30 years and I rarely have a puppy that does not work out. Research puppy litters I buy my puppies based on pedigree. I want proven working parents. This means that I want to see that either the mom or dad, preferably both, have AKC retriever field trial titles , AKC retriever hunting test titles or UKC retriever hunting test titles behind their names on an official pedigree. Be sure you see field trial or hunt test titles. Sometimes you will see AKC show titles or other titles like agility. These are NOT the same as field trial or hunt test titles and are generally not something you want to see on the pedigree of a hunting or competition dog. There are many places to search for litters on the internet. And many sites offer the ability to limit your search by state. However, do not be afraid to look for puppies further away from you. If the litter has a great pedigree and is exactly what you are looking for, you can always have the puppy flown or shipped to you. Some of the sites that are good for looking for litters are: retrievertraining. Again, I am not saying that great dogs cannot come out of these places but rather that the odds are not in your favor. Why are hunting titles important? Hunting titles tell you that the dog has proven its ability to perform at a certain level. It also tells you that the genetics are there. If the parents can perform at a Field Champion or Master Hunter level, there is a good chance the puppies will also have that ability. Do all your research prior to going to look at the puppies Everybody loves puppies. They are cute, cuddly and so lovable. That is why I recommend that you do not ever go look at a litter that does not already meet your standards regarding pedigree. It is just too easy to end up bringing one home. And if you have kids or a spouse involved, I guarantee that any litter you go look at you are most certainly going to end up bringing home a puppy. Does color make a difference? Well-bred puppies are available in each of these colors, and we have trained excellent hunting dogs in each color. However, you may now see litters advertised as fox red or white. These colors are not recognized by the AKC and you should beware of purchasing a dog based solely on color. In addition, there are now Labs being sold as silver, charcoal and champaign. These litters are technically not pure Labrador Retrievers. They are often referred to as dilutes because the genetics have been diluted to produce these colors. Many trainers will not train dilutes because of the many health problems and genetic issues that go along with these breeds. There are, unfortunately, people breeding pups specifically to produce a specific color without regard for temperament and the betterment of the breed. We prefer to stay away from litters that do not have a proven pedigree and have been breed specifically for color. In addition, our experience training dogs from these types of litters has proven to be a struggle. How much does a good puppy cost? For many people this is a defining question. So, a new hunting partner can be a significant investment. But for us it is worth it to stack the odds in our favor. Find a great retriever breeder Unfortunately, not all breeders are equal. Over the years, some breeders have stood out to us as exceptional. They go over and beyond just taking good care of the puppies. You can tell they really want their puppies to turn out great and they take steps, while the pups are very young, to help ensure their puppies have a good strong foundation that will help them succeed in the future. Beyond the breeding of quality dogs, the difference is in the socialization of the puppies. As I talk extensively about in Raising a Lab puppy to be a duck or gun dog , socialization is an essential key component in training a retriever puppy. Breeders that go out of their way to socialize young pups are worth their weight in gold. The truth is that raising puppies, done the right way, takes a lot of time and commitment. We specialize in training and prefer to let others specialize in doing a great job raising litters. Ask prospective breeder the right questions When you call and talk to a breeder about an upcoming litter, it is important to get answers to some important questions. If the pedigrees are not available online, be sure and request one from the breeder. How often do you breed? How often has this mother been bred? When looking for a great hunting dog puppy, you want to avoid puppy mills. Puppy mills are breeders that are just pumping out puppies for money and without concern to the overall health and betterment of the breed. Responsible breeders have a plan for the litters they are producing and will be able to talk to you about why the litter is worth the money they are asking. What breeds do you breed? Look for a breeder that specializes in Labrador Retrievers or whatever breed you are looking to purchase. What does your health guarantee cover? Responsible breeders will offer you a health guarantee for the puppy. While what this guarantee covers may vary, with Labrador Retrievers some of the things you want to make sure the health guarantee covers includes: Hip dysplasia Eye issues In addition, you may want to make sure that the parents have been genetically tested for other genetic diseases such as Exercise Induced Collapse EIC and Centronuclear Myopathy CNM. What do you do to socialize the puppies? Asking this open-ended question can give breeders a chance to tell you about the work they do socializing the young pups before they are ready to go home. Or, you may want to follow up with more specific questions such as: Are the pups exposed to children at all? Do you take the pups to different locations during the day? Do the puppies get outside time, what does that look like? The goal is to find out if the puppies are getting socialization and exposure to new and different things on a regular basis. Pups that get this exposure tend to adjust more quickly to their new homes and new situations later in life. Have you done this specific breeding before? How did those puppies turn out? Breeders that are working for the betterment of the breed, may breed a set of parents more than once. If this is a repeat breeding, it is likely that the breeder will know how previous litters performed in the field or in competition. Serious Labrador Retriever breeders often keep track of how their puppies perform as they age. Alternatively, you could ask for references and talk to previous buyers to find out what they think of the breeder and the puppy they bought. Should I meet the prospective dog parents? While some people might tell you that you should meet the prospective parents of the puppies, I do not see a lot of value in this. Some good breeders do not own both the parents. Often, they work with other breeders so both the Dam and Sire may not be onsite. And if you are basing your pup purchase off pedigree first, as I would recommend, you already know the most important things about the parents. If looks are important to you, then photos of the parents will show you what you need to know. Choose a retriever puppy from the litter Once you decide on a litter, the waiting begins. Ask the breeder to provide videos and photos of puppies as the grow. This is a great way to see the puppies progress and you can see some personality traits in the different pups. If you did all the work in researching pedigree and breeders, you already have stacked the odds in your favor. You know that the litter is a good one and that the puppies have a good chance of turning out to be great hunting partners. This is important because it takes a lot of pressure off when it is time to pick the puppy from the litter. When you do go to the breeder to pick your puppy, take a few minutes to observe the puppies. This will allow you to see some personality traits. Understand though that this is only one snapshot in time. The puppy that is active at this time, might have been sleeping right before you showed up. Or, the one that is sleepy may have been running around like crazy just minutes before. At Otter Tail Kennels, we often look for a puppy that likes people. A puppy that chases a child around the yard or runs to the owner when they walk away is attractive to us because we want a people-centered dog instead of a dog that prefers to spend its time with litter mates. But this is not an exact science by any means. That is why we rely on the fact that we have done our homework and know the entire litter has promise. Final thoughts on how to find a good Labrador puppy Any time you set out to buy a puppy, you do not know how the journey will end. There are a lot of unknowns. You cannot tell for sure what the puppy will look like as an adult, and you cannot tell if they will be a great hunter or a great family dog. What you can do is stack the odds in your favor. Find a great litter from a great breeder and select a puppy from that litter. Once you do that, you are on your way to having a great duck or gun dog. Then the next important step is to socialize, expose and train the puppy. Read how to do that here. Have questions about finding a great retriever for your hunting and family needs? I am here to help! You can email me ottertailkennels gmail. I would be happy to discuss your goals for your retriever and tell you about the programs and services I offer. Until next time happy retrieving. How to find a good Labrador puppy. Thank you David for all the joy you have given us. We love our beautiful dogs! He is just perfect! My vet said he has never seen a better put together Lab. He is the hit of our community and has to say hello to everyone he meets. Hidden Ponds is just the best place to purchase a Lab. David is so kind and informative. His dogs are gorgeous and well mannered. They treat their dogs with kindness and it shows. They are smart, their costs are beautiful! He has a great personality and is wonderful with the kids! He is lbs and thinks he is a lap dog. We would definitely buy from Dave again!! Lindie is an incredible athlete, as you can see by the photo. Lindie also volunteers at our local hospital in Glens Falls, NY comforting anyone that needs fur therapy! She is an amazing ambassador for the Labrador breed! Thank you! He hiked his first mountains this weekend in the Adirondacks. He is such a wonderful addition to our family and we will be back for a companion for him next year. Read more testimonials Bentley Bentley is almost 4 years old and is absolutely amazing! She is the happiest, cuddliest, wiggliest ball of fur, and I love her more than I can say. She is super smart, very curious, and a little mischievous. She has already learned to walk very well with my wheelchair. Thank you, Hidden Pond! At 9weeks she has accomplished stairs,swimming learned to sit and give paw. Play time and eating remain 1 LOL but,she is full of kisses and love all the time too. My sweet service dog, Rhett, came home in October of and has been the biggest blessing in my life. This breeder not only breeds for confirmation and health but for perfect personality and temperament. They are perfect in every sense of the term responsible breeder. I cannot imagine life without my Labs. And not to mention how welcoming everyone was when we went to pick Rhett up. They care about each puppy they welcome into their home. And they strongly support several forms of care to keep the puppies happy and healthy in their new homes like food and supplements! I cannot thank them enough or recommend them enough!! Savannah Stevens Read more testimonials Chip Chip is a crazy, funny, lovable gem. He is the most gorgeous dog. He has the most regal head. Everyone who sees him stops to tell us what a handsome dog he is. Thank you to Hidden Pond for letting him be ours. We picked her up in early July , and she made our family complete! She is such an amazing dog: sweet, gentle, loving, and playful. It is wonderful to see how much she loves our three young boys. We love how much she loves being outside — especially swimming and playing in the snow. Thank you Dave and your family for bringing her into our lives. She was exactly what our family needed to be complete. She is the sweetest, spunkiest and most wonderful dog we could have asked for. We picked him up this past September. He is a joy, fully housebroken, and so very funny. Everyone who meets him always comment on how handsome he is. He is really beginning to look like his dad, Thunder. He loves walking and meeting all his dog friends in our community. Thanks, David, for this wonderful dog! He has made our house a home again!! She brings so much joy to our home. She is loyal, smart and a lot of fun. She loves going on walks or long hikes in the woods and is a big snuggler in the house. Scout has a very sweet disposition and people comment on what a beautiful girl she is. She enjoys people and dogs of all ages. Thank you Dave, we are enjoying every day with one of your Hidden Pond pups! Courtney Hundley Read more testimonials Raemo This Lab is truly a best friend to everyone that comes his way. Very kind and affectionate. Raemo is now 6 months old and is great with the family, friends and the neighborhood. He is great with other dogs too! David and his Labs are simply the best and worth the wait! Rob Amurao Read more testimonials Daisy We got Daisy in June , but Dave introduced us to her the day she was born; it was love at first sight!!! Dave kept us updated with pictures and short videos as we anxiously awaited the day we could pick her up. She has been an absolute joy in our lives! She is incredibly smart, a sweetheart along with being an active puppy. She was swimming at 10 weeks with our other dogs. She is now 10 months old; everyone she meets loves her. Thank you, Dave, for such an awesome new family member!!! Marilyn Morey Read more testimonials Mabel Mabel is 6 months and we thank you for this blessing. She is a wonderful addition to our family. We love going on adventures with our little girl. Highly recommend and reasonable pricing! He has an amazing temperament, his favorite activities are long walks and swimming! Marlana Broderick Read more testimonials Chip Chip is the best dog we have ever had. He is funny, silly, smart and so handsome. We get stopped on the street every 5 feet. Everyone asks where he is from and tells us how gorgeous he is. Thank you Dave. This photo is with his sister Cocoa. Chip on the left Cocoa on the right. She has such a great personality. Gets along so well with the grandkids ,and so adaptable she took to the crate and house breaking so easily. Accepts new experiences so calmly. Dave has been great to work with a fountain of info. We also went with the dog food he recommended an love the results that we switched our cat to it as well. She is the most beautiful, sweet tempered, smart lab. We could not be happier having her as part of our family. Romy Ziegler. Striving for excellent quality with emphasis on temperament, conformation, intelligence and all around health. Our dogs come from top pedigree, filled with champion lines. Our goal is to produce calm, intelligent "English" Labradors who will provide wonderful companions to you and your family. We are a small kennel, located outside of Alliance, Ohio and believe in producing the utmost quality in our pups. Therefore, we are able to make sure all of our breeding stock and pups receive lots of attention and care. We believe that Labs are at their best when they are in the companionship of people, and where they have freedom to run and play. We take great pride in the quality of the pups we produce emphasizing temperament, conformation and all around health. Our dogs have great pedigrees, filled with champions, from traditional English lines. Our pups are in homes throughout the United States and have proven to be accomplished service dogs, therapy dogs, hunters and companions to many families. You can see many, many years of our dogs, growing from pups to seniors, as well as testimonials from puppy families, on our Facebook page at Maple Creek Labradors. Our Labradors are the 'English' type, meaning they have a square or 'blocky' head, a well muscled body and thick bone. Their soft, kind expression make them instantly lovable. They are not separate color genes. We do not breed dilutes, nor do we support them. Our Prices: Our base prices are listed below, according to current demand for colors and genders. Note: Sales tax is due on any pups or merchandise sold in California. By request, and for an additional fee, we often transport puppies to Davis. We used to be able to ship puppies via airplane all over the continental United States, but more restrictions apply at this time, due to Covid, extreme heat, or extreme cold. Unfortunately, we no longer ship puppies to Hawaii, due to their quarantine restrictions. Can I pick out my Labrador Retriever puppy before the designated adoption date? Sorry, but no. Most people will not know which puppy they are choosing until puppy adoption day. What supplies do we need for our new puppy? So many people ask us this question, we wrote a blog giving our advice. You can read our blog here. Do you raise American or English Labs? Both, actually, but mainly American. Only a few of our dogs are pure English; some are a blend of American and English. Litters are usually pure American or a blend of American and English. None, so far, are pure English. If you scroll down to the bottom of the videos page you can also view links to past litters of Labrador puppies for your viewing pleasure. We may, however, be able to refer you to hunting dog trainers, so feel free to shoot us an email asking us about that. Marble Mountain Kennels.

We raise our German Shepherd puppies in our home with family and very small breed dogs—our Yorkies—and their human-quality meals are prepared by our chef from scratch every day. Our purebred German Shepherd puppies come from the finest World Grand Champions lineage in Germany, with show line pedigree and working lines pedigree. Our highest-level German Shepherd puppies are bred for excellent balanced temperament, correct conformation, performance, loyalty, trainability, and intelligence and are well socialized and loved. All of our puppies are microchipped. We go above and beyond to ensure that our German Shepherds are the best money can buy. Not just males, but also our females, achieve the highest level, reaching level 3. This is rare to find elsewhere! Our German Shepherd puppies come with a written sales contract and a written health guarantee. These bloodlines include those of World Grand Champion Parents! You will not find such exceptional German Shepherd Puppies anywhere else! Looking for the top german shepherd breeders SC has to offer? Our team is just a short drive away, residing in Virginia. Reach out to us to learn more about our dogs. After you have selected one or more puppies, contact us to complete the reservation and schedule a pick-up appointment or schedule the delivery. We respond via email 9 AM — 9 PM, 7 days: [email protected]. Both of these proven, top working bloodlines have reliably and consistently produced quality working dogs! Very few breeders have these honors, especially in North America. Thank you for taking such care in your program that you can provide such an animal as this one. Rebekkah A lovely young Sapphire Shepherds female with owner, enjoying each other's company on the farm. Nov we take the tracking exam! He's an amazing dog, I am very grateful for you pairing us together. C" A multi generation bred dog from Sapphire Shepherds. This website documents our history of involvement in this beloved breed. We are blessed to have a long history of top representatives of Working German Shepherds grace our lives. Please reach out to Ramona with questions and thank you for your visit! This kennel name was chosen as Ramona grew up in the foothills of the beautiful Sapphire Mountain range in Montana. Sapphire is a gemstone associated with royalty. It is believed to attract abundance, blessings, good fortune and gifts. It has been used to protect against negative energies, bring calmness, strength and spiritual clarity. The below image of Sapphire Shepherds business logo was designed by Ramona. It incorporates her photo of Xurk of Sapphire Mountain, a male who is a work of art inside and out. We are very happy to speak or correspond with you about our German Shepherds via phone, email and allow appointments to view dogs on premises. We are not members of, nor do we post on forums and we are not on social media. We specialize in family companion dogs, and our dogs are used for children with Autism and Aspergers. We also provide dogs for epileptic and diabetic detection, as well the hearing impaired. Our dogs also serve as companions to veterans , and we work closely with VA hospitals to provide dogs who assist with PTSD and anxiety. A large number of our dogs are also competitors and working schutzhund dogs. We make use of a private courier service to pick up and deliver our dogs. We're very mindful to ensure the dogs are completely happy throughout the delivery! If we think you're the right match for one of our dogs we can deliver them to you wherever you are based in the US. All of our dogs come with a lifetime guarantee on health contingent on meeting criteria stated in the contract. Our dogs are gentle and attentive and have dispositions perfect for family companionship or special needs. Puppies come with comprehensive training included, along with a full year of shots. A list of individual dogs accomplishments include Va Winnie, Va Ollie, V1 Saint and many dogs involved in the 6xwinner of the progeny group competition. Regis Regal German Shepherds have also worked in many different areas of public service, such as patrol dogs, search and rescue dogs, avalanche rescue dogs, bomb detection, narcotic detection, and even arson dogs. As featured in Puppy Rental for Special Events Looking for a memorable experience at your next event? Rent one of our German Shepherd dogs for a limited time at your next special event. Our team is perfect for birthdays, conferences, conventions, company retreats, and special events all over the country! Get in touch with our AKC German Shepherd breeders to learn more about our puppy rental services and event guidelines. Contact our team to learn more. Client Testimonials "I purchased my German Shepard from them when she was a puppy and she is now a beautiful, sweet tempered 4-year-old dog. We took home our pup and have had only good thoughts and things to say since we left. Cindy shared so much time and knowledge with us before we left. Axle just turned two years old and will be an important part of my kids lives as they grow up. We work closely with them in order to train our dogs to assist veterans with PTSD, anxiety, and more. Cindy's Latest Articles Cindy Kelly loves to share her expertise on breeding, training and raising world class German Shepherds. When she has time she publishes articles on the Regis Regal blog - you can find some of her most recent ones listed below. If you would like to hear Cindy's thoughts on any particular element of owning or raising German Shepherds then feel free to get in touch. Learn here! Read More Trending States Based on their Interest in our World-Class German Shepherds We make use of a high quality, private courier service to deliver our dogs where a customer is unable to come to our premises in Illinois. Life Span Did You Know? The German Shepherd is one of the most versatile, well-recognized, and popular dog breeds in the world. The modern German Shepherd is descended from a family of various German herding dogs. Breed standards were not developed until the late 19th century when Captain Max von Stephanitz, a German cavalry officer, worked with Arthur Meyer and other breeders to develop the ideal German herding dog. Stephanitz and Meyer wrote the breed standard in and the American Kennel Club recognized the German Shepherd as a member of the Herding Group in .Although they were originally bred as herding dogs, they were also bred for versatility, which made the German Shepherd an all-around working dog that could excel in a variety of applications. German Shepherds are one of the common dog breeds employed in K-9 units in both police and military applications. They also make great service dogs and, of course, are still awesome herding dogs and farm dogs! The German Shepherd is a strong-willed and highly intelligent dog. They have a playful, energetic spirit and tend to get along with children, other dogs, and other pets, which makes them a great family companion. A born protector, the German Shepherd will provide a great sense of security for their family while their loving and lively personality will make them fit right in as a companion. German Shepherds are naturally protective and can be wary of strangers at first. A well-socialized German Shepherd will bark to alert you and tends to warm up to strangers once introduced. German Shepherds are dogs that were bred to herd and work. This, plus their high energy, makes them a better fit for homes with fenced yards where they can run. They can adapt well to larger apartments as long as plenty of time is dedicated to ensuring they get enough exercise, mental stimulation, and attention every day. A bored, ignored, or under-exercised German Shepherd can often become a destructive one. They also can be sensitive to their surroundings and large gatherings can be off-putting. With a longer coat, they tend to prefer cooler climates and are sensitive to heat. The German Shepherd is a generally healthy breed, but there are some potential health concerns and good breeding practices make a big difference. Potential health concerns to be aware of in a German Shepherd include hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia , and degenerative myelopathy. Reputable breeders will screen their dogs to avoid passing preventable issues to puppies. So, make sure you are asking about the health and genetic history of both parents. You can also ask about any health tests or clearances that have been done. As a barrel-chested breed, the German Shepherd is also at risk for bloat. While the German Shepherd is highly intelligent and highly trainable, they are generally not recommended for novice owners. If you are a novice dog owner, enroll in puppy training classes or enlist the help of a professional dog trainer; not just for your dog, but for yourself as well. Training assistance will help you grow in experience and build a strong bond between you and your German Shepherd puppy, which is essential. Also, the GSD has a thirst for training and fulfillment. They get bored easily and especially with repetition, so continued training with your German Shepherd throughout their life will be necessary. German Shepherds have a medium-to-long double coat. They will shed year-round and heavier as seasons change. Brushing a few times a week is usually sufficient; brushing daily is even better and your GSD will likely love you for it. Bathing is occasional on an as-needed basis. Ear checks weekly with careful cleanings as needed can help prevent ear infections. German Shepherds are high-energy working dogs. Not only do they require a lot of daily activity, but they also are a herding breed that was made to run, guard, and observe, so they need a job to do to be happy and healthy. Daily walks plus playtime, time to run, and other activities are usually enough for a GSD, but they will likely be up for more activity if you are. With their versatility and athleticism, you can try a lot of different activities when puppies finish growing and they are cleared for higher-impact things. A fully-grown German Shepherd usually stands inches tall and weighs pounds. German Shepherds generally live for years on average. Corporal Duncan brought him back to the United States and Rin-Tin-Tin became one of the most famous dog actors in history. Featured German Shepherd Article.

Both Both the Retriever and the Poodle are in the top 5 in terms of intelligence. The Poodle is 2, while the Golden Retriever is 4! Teddybe Show More Teddy Bear Golden Doodles are a beautiful and unique hybrid breed that has become increasingly popular since the early 's. Teddybear Goldendoodles make amazing companions or service dogs. They are very intelligent, highly trainable, loving, loyal, and hypoallergenic. English Goldendoodles are very friendly. They love everyone, not just bonding with one person. They give affection to everyone they meet! They are a very adaptable breed, an excellent choice for beginner owners, easily trained, laid back, great with children, the perfect companion, and have a strong desire to please people. With training, Goldendoodles make excellent service dogs. They do very well with a positive reward based training. We give a one year warranty for any unforeseen genetic defects. Our babies will be sent to you with a full health certificate from head to tail, and fully up to date vaccines. Your new family member will be ready to give you hugs, kisses, and lots of lov Show More Our relationship does not end at the adoption of one of Gunter Golden Doodle puppies! Your new family member will be ready to give you hugs, kisses, and lots of love! Gunter Goldendoodles stay in touch with our extended family offering help and advice through the training periods. We love to get pictures as the puppies grow as well as hear all the great and funny stories! We want to help you have the best experience possible with your new family member. You will always have an open communication with Gunter Goldendoodles! We become family! We make sure our families are ready for the puppy transition and have been educated on the challenges of a puppy and how to handle each step of the maturing process. One of our most important goals is to insure our puppies are completely ready for their transition to their forever home by giving them the best start possible. First and foremost we want our families and puppies to be completely happy! Breeding dogs has been a passion for people through many centuries. It is exciting, heart warming and very challenging. The purpose should be to improve the breed not to just increase its numbers. It is a hobby for us and we absolutely love it! Drop us a line, we love to talk about our hobby! For your convenience, we provide many options for your method of payment. We take pride in our exceptional service throughout the adoption process and encourage you to call us at any time with questions. Each of these litters takes years of planning to produce. Due to their popularity, these spots fill up quickly. There are usually quite a few families on our Small Goldendoodle waitlist anxiously awaiting the arrival of a new litter. Most people don't realize how long it takes a breeder to breed down to this size. Each of our litters is a four-generation process that has taken approximately 8 years of planning. These litter sizes are small therefore the spaces are extremely limited. We do not breed very many Extra-Small litters, therefore the waitlist can be a bit longer. Like our Small Goldendoodles, Extra-Small litters are a four to five-generation process that has taken approximately 8 years of planning. This breed is completely exclusive to Smeraglia. These puppies are guaranteed to become one of our most popular breeds. We breed this design only four times a year, therefore spots can be extremely limited. Avoid this fee with a Bank Draft or by mailing a check or money order. Subscribe Stay up to date with us, our whereabouts, and events in your area. For starters, these fluffy ragamuffins could fit right in as comic relief in a Muppet movie. First, here is the short answer to the question… What is a teddy bear Goldendoodle? First, it helps to know that Goldendoodles are a cross between the Golden Retriever and the Poodle breeds. The English Golden Retriever has a boxier head, square body, and round eyes. These traits lend that teddy bear look. You may also have heard teddy bear Goldendoodles called English Goldendoodles or English teddy bear Goldendoodles. Whatever the name, the Doodle is a hybrid breed or crossbreed. The first generation cross is called an F1 Goldendoodle. If you get right down to it, these adorable dogs are essentially a hybrid breed some say mixed breed that brings together the intelligence of the Poodle breed and the friendly, playfulness of the Golden Retriever breed. Here are my top five things about teddy bear Goldendoodles that you might not know: 5 Teddy bear Goldendoodles are more than just their cute good looks. Both Goldendoodle puppies and adult Goldendoodles tend to look like teddy bears. However, they are more than just their cute good looks. Because Goldendoodles tend to be smart , many Goldendoodles become working dogs including service dogs, therapy dogs, or guide dogs. Most are easy to train too. But all that intelligence also means that Goldendoodles require plenty of mental stimulation and activity or they will devise their own methods i. For a list of brain games to keep your Goldendoodle busy, please read my article, 14 Games to Play with Your Dog. Oh my dog! Those button eyes and all that fluff! Where does it come from? The Goldendoodle parent breeds—the Poodle and the English Golden Retriever— bring a lot of variety and adorableness to the party! Coat color: The Poodle ancestry brings a wide variety of coat colors and the Golden Retriever ancestry brings a range of golden coat colors too. Fluff: Finally, coat type can range from straight to wavy to fleece. The Golden Retriever brings the smooth coat and the Poodle brings the curly coat. The result is a curly coat, wavy coat, or straight coat. Did you know that many professional groomers or Doodle parents give Doodles a teddy bear hair cut? All kinds of Doods —Goldendoodles, mini Goldendoodles, Labradoodles, and Aussiedoodles —are groomed in a style that has a teddy bear look. Also, watch a short video tutorial of a Westiminster groomer demonstrating how to Trim a Goldendoodle Face. What a combo! Goldendoodles are like having a non-stop comedy show in your living room. How did they get to be such comedians of cuteness? Thank you for sharing some of your valuable time with us! Get the latest Happy-Go-Doodle stories delivered to your email inbox.