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Gallery Pine Winds Pine Winds Labradoodles, located 25 miles north of Kansas City, Missouri, began with one dog and the desire to volunteer as an animal partner therapy team. I retired from teaching after 34 years and with all three children grown I decided to pursue this adventure by purchasing my first labradoodle. Marley joined our home as a puppy, became a Canine Good Citizen, and continued on to pass her evaluation enabling her to be registered as a therapy dog with Pet Partners. Occasionally she was bred and produced puppies with exceptional temperaments, several becoming therapy dogs as well. Most importantly the puppies have become excellent fur members of families. Mia, my second dog, is a puppy from the breeding of Marley to another labradoodle who was a registered therapy dog. Mia became a registered therapy dog as well. Poppy, Mias offspring, is now my registered therapy dog. My dogs are working dogs whether they are visiting, enrolled in agility classes or taking refresher obedience training. Mia, Poppy and Rosie are proven to represent the best of temperaments and mind set a labradoodle should possess. I have two breeding dogs so I am able to spend quality time working with each puppy. I search out the best males with exceptional traits that I can find to breed my dogs to, hoping to continue with a lineage of therapy partners. Raising a litter of puppies is hard work but seeing them with their families certainly makes it worthwhile! Welcome to Cottonwood Labradoodles. We are a small breeder located in the heartland of America, 30 minutes north of Wichita and 2. Our mission is to raise puppies with individualized care, with a focus towards preserving the health and loving temperament of the Australian Labradoodle. We are member breeders of the ALAA Australian Labradoodle Association of America , an organization diligent in upholding the integrity of the breed and requires genetic testing of all breeding dogs. We are so excited to announce that the ALAA has awarded Cottonwood Labradoodles the Platinum Paw; the highest health standard possible for our dogs, as well as recurring investment in testing the health of our breeding dogs. All our puppies are born and raised in our home. As they mature, we take great pleasure in introducing them to romps and adventures on our five acres of woods, prairie, and pond. We assist with every delivery and therefore handle each pup from the time they are born until they are placed in your loving arms on Puppy Pickup Day. We find this individualized attention and stimulation creates dogs that are better socialized, more intelligent and physically healthier. This care and supervision of puppies is my passion! Please check in with our Cottonwood Labradoodles Facebook page to brighten your day and watch them grow. For more information, please go to our Request A Puppy page to fill out our application. Joy is a Multigen Australian Labradoodle made right here from our beloved Honey and Journey and is our up and coming Mama to be. She has a beautiful Red wavy, fleece coat. Joy has completed all her health testing to Platinum level with flying colors. Joy has completed several training classes, basic manners, obedience, and even an agility class. She has the best eye contact and loves her belly rubs! Oliver has completed all his health testing to Gold Paw level and is the perfect little gentleman weighing just 25 pounds. We are so excited to see the wonderful puppies these two will produce! We expect puppies from this mating to be small Mediums in size with wavy fleece coats in shades of cream, caramel, apricot, and possibly red and wonderful temperaments. Will confirm exact date once pups are born. This breeder raises the pups underfoot to ensure they are well socialized and loved by everyone. They also provide their dogs with great homes that include fenced yards or individual runs , competent owners, and plenty of love. All of their Labradoodle puppies are raised with other dogs and cats as well as kids. They are very proud of the high quality and attention to the dams, sires, and Labradoodle puppies they produce. This firm ensures that every dog under their care receives adequate care. This breeder has a clean, well-kept acre on which the puppies can run and play with the family. To ensure that each puppy gets all of the nutrients it needs to grow into a healthy dog, KC Labradoodles feeds its pups high-quality dog food. KC Labradoodles produces multigenerational mini and standard-sized labradoodle puppies. Each breeder prioritized health, temperament, training, socialization, and individuality to ensure that all their pups go to homes with families who will provide them with love and attention. You can always visit their websites to see if they have any upcoming Labradoodle litters. In that case, we encourage you to contact one of these 5 best Labradoodle breeders in Kansas. These links are affiliate links, so if you do end up using the links, I will earn a commission. Dog Food: Every dog needs to eat correctly, and finding the best food for your dog can be challenging, as the market is absolutely flooded with products. These days I have two adorable fuzzy rascals around me, that ensures I get plenty of exercise and laughter throughout my day! Legal Information The owner of this site, LabradoodleHome. This site also participates in other affiliate programs and is compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies. Labradoodle Home does not intend to provide veterinary advice. All articles and posts are aimed at giving users a better understanding of their dogs. The content on this blog is not a substitute for veterinary guidance. Amazon OneLink. We Provide We take care of our puppies and prepare them to go home with you in these ways: Three rounds of dewormer. First veterinarian visit for checkup. Final veterinarian checkup before going home. Tons of socialization and love from a family of six. List of suggestions puppy training, toys, food, veterinarian, etc. And lifetime support, should you need it. Our promise to you is simple: We provide incredible companion Bernedoodles, and we do so with integrity, forthrightness, and assistance to find the best furry family member for you. Before they become part of your household, they are part of ours, so we play with them, provide for them, and treat them as family, knowing you will do the same. Mixed breeds cannot be AKC certified, so we do not provide certification. We also believe microchipping your puppy should be your choice, so we do not microchip our puppies but strongly recommend you do. We highly recommend proper puppy training and consistent reinforcement to have the best relationship with your dog. We provide information on a partner puppy training program with lots of online videos. Bernedoodles are not sold with breeding rights. Any breeding of the Bernedoodle, whether by accident or on purpose, is a violation of the contract and will incur an immediate fee of 3x the purchase price. By instituting any step in the process, the customer acknowledges and agrees to these terms and to paying the contract violation fee in full. Bernedoodles are also sold with a list of both requirements and suggestions for the health, safety, well-being, and longevity of the dog. Customers must take these requirements, suggestions, and financial investments under consideration prior to purchasing a KC Bernedoodles puppy. Reservation Deposit Serious inquiries only. Anyone can be added to the Waiting List with a completed deposit, but KC Bernedoodles reserves the right to the first pick of all litters. Puppy reservations are made in order of cleared deposit. Keep in mind that this means if you send a check by mail, another family could move ahead in line if they pay electronically. We will make every effort to help you make the best decision for your needs. The customer further agrees that they have no recourse. Once the customer has decided they want to purchase a puppy, they must email us stating so. Customers must remit the deposit amount in either cash, check, or through digital deposit. We will provide the account information for the deposit. Cleared deposits are the only way to reserve a puppy; no cleared deposit means no puppy reservation. Deposits are nonrefundable. By instituting any step in the process, the customer acknowledges and agrees to these terms. Deposits are considered a commitment, and we understand that the puppy will have a home with your family. Final payment for the balance owed must be cleared before pickup. Unfortunately, we do not accept checks at the time of pick up for the final payment on a puppy because all payments must be cleared. Any daily boarding charges must also be settled prior to pick up. The only time a refund will be given is if KC Bernedoodles cancels the purchase due to unforeseen circumstances, otherwise deposits are always non-refundable. Puppy Selection Anyone can be added to the Waiting List with a completed deposit, but KC Bernedoodles reserves the right to the first pick of all litters. When the puppies are born, they are given a color-coded collar. Puppies are discussed by their collar color, though our kids have a tendency to name them as well. Exact puppy choice happens by video interactions, exchanging photos, or through phone conversations at week six so their personality has time to develop. We will make every effort to help you make the best decision for your individual needs. For the health of the puppies, we do not allow visitors. Exact puppy choice begins on week six. Waiting this long allows us to get to know their personalities and help guide you to make the best choice. Choosing a puppy occurs in waiting list order. To facilitate all families making timely decisions, each customer has 2 hours from when we contact you beginning on week six to choose your puppy. We make every effort to lead you through the process of choosing the best companion for your individual needs and lifestyle, so please let us know your situation and preferences. Failure to choose within that 2 hours forfeits your turn, and you will move to the end of the line. The key is to let the puppy have the time it needs with its mother and siblings, and transition the puppy to its new family as soon as it is properly able, in order to bond with them early and well. This usually happens at around 8 weeks. By pick up time your puppy will not be dependent upon its mother since it will have been weaned starting around week 4. For the health of our family and animals, we cannot take back a puppy once it has left our home, but we can help you find a new home for them. Please contact us first if the need arises to rehome your puppy. Pick up must occur in person. We currently do not ship puppies, but let us know if you have an extenuating circumstance that needs to be addressed. We love discussing our puppies but we are not a pet store, so we do not ever allow visitors. Puppies can readily catch deadly diseases, such as Parvo, kennel cough, distemper, and many others, which are easily spread from one kennel to another or one dog to another. For the safety of our own home, for the puppies awaiting their new homes, and for puppies who already have deposits on them, we cannot allow visitors. Thank you for understanding! This is not an exhaustive list. No refunds will be given and, though this is rare, we reserve the right to refuse sale of our puppies to anyone, at any time, for any reason, or no reason, based on our own judgment. KC Bernedoodles reserves the right to first pick of all litters. All decisions by KC Bernedoodles are final, as are all sales. Quality First. Not only do we health test our parent dogs, we also consider their temperament when deciding who to pair together. We will never just breed two dogs for looks. For us, ensuring that we are raising happy, healthy puppies with sound temperaments is extremely important. We pride ourselves in raising some of the best puppies around which means we are dedicated to making sure we are raising the best doodles we can! This starts with our parent dogs that we carefully select and evaluate prior to breeding. They are all health tested to ensure that we are producing top-quality family members with great temperaments. We are also fortunate to be able to raise all of our puppies in our home. We start teaching our puppies to use a potty pad at about 3 weeks old and when the weather is nice they have access to our backyard to go potty! Puppy socialization and enrichment is extremely important throughout the first few months of a puppies life. We are proud to say that our puppies get to be socialized with people of all ages and dogs of different, sizes. They also are exposed to many different enrichment items and sounds! We pride ourselves in raising well-rounded doodles that can fit into any lifestyle! Dedication to raising the best possible puppies that are ready to be a part of your family. Our puppies are handled daily, from the beginning! As they get older, they are also introduced to new textures, sights, and sounds daily. Along with this, we also do tolerance building exercises which include touching their ears, paws, tails, and petting upwards on their back like a younger child may do. Every so often we also have Aussie Mountain Doodles. February Hedgewood Trails is committed to provide the highest quality dogs that demonstrate affection, intelligence, and physical endurance. Our original focus was low shedding fur as we have a granddaughter with Cystic Fibrosis and a grandson with Dog Allergies. Both love dogs! These kids inspired us to help others like them to have a dog to love and grow up with. The breeding quality is outstanding! We love our Darby! Linda Rogers We had the best experience purchasing our two pups! Our puppies were well cared for and loved right from the start and it shows. Our puppies were trained with a clicker already and are super intelligent. Our sweet girls have fit our family beautifully and we are very grateful to Hedgewood Trails! Jasmine Knell I visited Hedgewood Trails today. All I can say is WOW. These puppies were so well behaved and well taken care of. All of them so loving and have an amazing start on training. Our next addition to our family will definitely be from Hedgewood Trails! Kayla Hopkins We picked up our baby today. She is a cuddle bug. She is a great addition to our family. Thank you Hedgewood Trails. Great meeting with you today. They let us come visit a couple times before we brought her home. Thank you! Amy Dillard Andy and Brenda are wonderful to work with! They are both so caring and passionate about their pups. They were very helpful and a wealth of knowledge. The kennel area was very clean. All of the dogs are well cared for and full of love. Top Notch breeders! If you are looking to add a Labradoodle to your family, Andy and Brenda are your people. I highly recommend Hedgewood Trails Labradoodles! Annie Debo Me — first-time dog owner with a thousand questions… HWT — a thousand answers delivered immediately with knowledge, credibility, and patience. I wanted to meet and spend a few minutes first with mom Maizie and HWT obliged — Maizie was so friendly and low key — the perfect demeanor. After that, I met dad Gunner — an absolutely regal poodle who totally changed my mind about poodles… Tall, super-healthy, active, fun to watch. Lastly, I met the pups who were as cute as they could be. I spent the next several weeks getting to know them through regular visits. Brenda and Andy were always patient with my requests to spend time with the litter, and it was reassuring getting to know Andy and Brenda through the process… super-high integrity, genuine, really serious about doing their best. For me, that counts. And after spending all that time with them, I like keeping in contact with the HWT community and the other pups in the litter. Plenty of contact after the sale makes raising my puppy easier. People ask, what kind of dog is that? I carry HWT cards with me to let people know where to learn more. Erik Renaud Awesome experience as a first time pet owner. I asked a lot of questions and they responded quickly and provided the answers and beyond. They met me at the airport to pick up my puppy and we spent some time together. Andy and Brenda are really caring people. I had more questions after we were home in NC and they were happy to answer and we have kept in touch. The Puppy Culture training that they do has made a huge difference. My puppy is such a good listener. Amy Smith. We raise high-quality Mini Labradoodles as well as a few other breeds. We also have partnered up with several other reputable breeders that raise mini labradoodle pups that meet our strict genetic criteria and testing. So we usually have a good selection of very high-quality puppies. View Our Available Puppies! F1B Mini Labradoodle Puppies are a second-generation cross or hybrid. The father is a Mini Poodle and the mother is an F1 Labradoodle. The F1B Minature Labradoodles usually have soft hair that is usually wavy or curly. Thes puppies are considered semi-hypoallergenic since they shed minimally. These puppies can be a good fit if a person that has mild pet allergies. Once F1B Mini Labradoodles reach 6 months old they require to be groomed once every 8 weeks or so to keep their fur healthy and to stop matting. Adult F1B Mini labradoodle dogs range in size from 14 inches in height and pounds in weight. The average life span is typically years of age. The F1BB puppies usually have curlier coats and will be totally hypoallergenic. Once the F1BB pup is 6 months they will need regular grooming every 6 to 8 weeks. F1BB Puppies are usually slightly smaller than F1B puppies and range from 12 inches in height and pounds in weight. Mini Labradoodles are known for their intelligence and the ability to be trained very easily. They make amazing family pets and love to participate in family activities like swimming, hiking, camping or just playing tag in the yard. This breed is also a good choice for people who live in apartments as long as they get at least minutes of exercise a day. So if you live near Kansas City Kansas and are looking for a healthy and beautiful Mini Labradoodle puppy that can be delivered to you then check out our available pups now by Clicking Here. Below are some Mini Labradoodle pups that have been adopted.

Also called the Bernese Mountain Poo, Bernesepoo, Bernesedoodle, and Bernepoo, the Bernedoodle hybid mixes the happy-go-lucky temperament of the Bernese Mountain Dog with the intelligence of its Poodle parents. Mini Bernedoodles are happiest when they're spending time with their families, children included. They are willing participants in playtime and cuddle fests alike. Fans of the breed adore their friendliness, playfulness, intelligence, and affection. They are fairly adaptable and go with the flow. If you need a dog for the whole family, or if you're a single owner looking for a lovable, smart mixed-breed with good health that will put a smile on your face with their antics, you won't be able to find a much better choice than the Miniature Bernedoodle. They do well with children and other animals, and are happiest as part of a family. They love spending time with their human family and should not be left alone for long periods. They can be wary of strangers, but early training can help their socialization. Toy and mini Bernedoodles can be more energetic and stubborn than the standard version, but you will find them relatively easy to train because of that Poodle intelligence. Their skull is moderately round with flat cheekbones and a long, straight muzzle with a scissor bite. Their eyes are dark, oval, and set far enough apart to make their facial expressions appear alert and intelligent. Ears have wide and thick ear leather and hang close to the head, at or just below eye level. Coats can be curly, dense, and highly textured, or corded, hanging in tight even cords of varying lengths. The coat is tricolor with black as the base and markings in rich rust and clear white. The tail will vary in length, but it is bushy and carried high. Exercise Medium Activity Bernedoodles are moderately active and will love daily walks. They enjoy playing fetch and spending time with you. This breed tends to wander and hunt, so a fenced-in yard is important. They can adapt to urban or rural settings provided there is time and space for daily exercise. This breed requires a lot of human interaction, so leaving him alone outside for long periods will not work for the Bernedoodle. We recommend at least an hour of exercise every day. They will do well with time to fetch, run, and learn new tricks. The miniature bernedoodle may also vary in color and coat with the mini or toy poodle daddy being credited with the majority of these specific conformations. Miniature Bernedoodle Size Depending on the breeder, there is a great size range in the mini-bernedoodles. Some breeders use miniature poodles, other toy poodles, to obtain the smaller body size. Mini bernedoodles can range anywhere from 15 pounds to 40 pounds depending on the dogs used for breeding. HC Bernedoodles specializes in these special mini-bernedoodle puppies. Though it's important to note, size of the puppy is often not known until after birth. We've had a 7 pound toy produce a 50 pound as an adult offspring. First, and possibly the most popular is the traditional black tri color which consists of black, white and tan or rust colors and will strongly resemble the Bernese mountain dog's colors. Then there,s the sable tri color which will consist of any sable color, tan and white markings and is considered to be more of a speciality color. Sable is a color that will generally carry a fading gene and will lighten in color as they age. We also have the bi colors which are most generally black with the white Bernese markings. You may encounter a solid color mini bernedoodle as well and they will generally consist of a solid black with a few small white markings that will generally disappear as they mature in size. At HC Bernedoodles we avoid breeding solid colors due to being the least appealing look in the Bernedoodle. We may see a more wavey coat in some vs. While the wavey coat may be more appealing in appearance, the curly coat is more suitable for allergy sufferers due to generally being less shedding than the wavey coat. It is difficult to predict these coats as young puppies due to observing a puppy coat vs. Miniature Bernedoodle Temperament The miniature bernedoodle may be more active than the larger Bernedoodle breeds due to the toy or miniature poodle being more of an active breed. They are a highly recommended family dog breed and are tremendous with children due to carrying the genes of the affectionate, loving Bernese mountain dog. While intelligence simplifies training in the mini bernedoodle it can work in a negative sense as well. If training is neglected you may see bad habits develop earlier than in breeds that may not be known to be as intelligent. Therefore it is highly recommended to start training at an early age and be consistent in training exercises. Health Health is possibly the greatest attribute in the F1 mini bernedoodle. Being a smaller size hybrid cross they are the least likely to inherit congenital health problems, with the likelihood of hip or elbow dysplasia being greatly reduced due to the much smaller size. Exercise The miniature bernedoodle requires a moderate amount of exercise. Daily exercise is generally sufficient. If you would like to be notified, please contact us and we will notify you when our Mini Bernedoodles become available. Mini Bernedoodles Past Litters. Life Span Did You Know? They tend to be affectionate and loving dogs that make great family pets. They are even known to make great therapy dogs! Although they are not recognized by the American Kennel Club, they are recognized by other canine registries. One of the facts about Bernedoodles is that they are true companion dogs. They are cuddly companions that love nothing more than being with their favorite humans. As long as they are well-socialized and trained, Mini Bernedoodles tend to get along well with children, other dogs, other pets, and even strangers. Miniature Bernedoodles are highly adaptable dogs. They do well in larger homes as well as apartments. They are sensitive to heat and extreme cold, but do well in most climates. Because they bond so closely with their families and thrive on attention, they do not like to be left alone for long periods of time and can develop separation anxiety if you do not work with them early on. Good breeding practices make a big difference in the health of puppies. Reputable breeders will screen their dogs to avoid passing preventable issues to puppies. You can ask about the health and genetic history of the parents and about any health tests or clearances that have been done. Mini Bernedoodles are intelligent dogs that pick up on things quickly and are eager to please. This makes them a highly trainable dog that is a good fit for owners of all experience levels. They can become stubborn if training is not consistent or clear. Although their coat tends to be low-shedding and will range from straight to wavy or curly, the Mini Bernedoodle coat requires some maintenance. Daily brushing is recommended to remove tangles and prevent mats. Professional grooming is recommended every weeks. Nail trims once or twice monthly keep them from growing too long and causing issues. Ear checks on a weekly basis with careful cleanings as needed help to prevent ear infections. As a small dog breed, Mini Bernedoodles are more prone to developing gum disease. Good dental care for dogs early and consistently throughout their life can help prevent painful dental diseases later in life. Daily tooth brushing, plus cleanings at the vet as needed, is ideal. Although Mini Bernedoodles will be playful and have bursts of energy while playing, they are not high-energy dogs. They tend to sit in a more moderate range. Daily walks plus some playtime throughout the day are usually enough for them. But, they love spending time with you and will likely be up for more activity if you are. They may be smaller dogs, but they also tend to be relatively athletic. When puppies finish growing , you can try higher-impact activities like running, hiking, training for dog sports, and more. Fully-grown Mini Bernedoodles usually stand inches tall. They can range from pounds. F1B and F2 Mini Bernedoodles usually weigh pounds and are on the shorter side of the range. Mini Bernedoodles generally live for years on average. Featured Mini Bernedoodle Article.

Boxer puppies for sale Lincoln, Nebraska Boxer puppies for sale Lincoln, Nebraska Introduction of the Boxer The Boxer dog breed originated in Germany and has been around since the late 19th century. His main purpose is for hunting large game. But this dog breed was also useful in guarding and driving livestock. It is said that he got his name due to using his front paws for just about anything. Boxer dogs look intimidating with their stern-looking faces and powerful bodies. But they are actually very loving family dogs that get along with children and other animals. They love being with their families, and being separated from them can lead them to develop separation anxiety. Since this working dog is highly intelligent but stubborn in nature, he is better suited for experienced owners. The average lifespan of the breed is 9—10 years. Look for a boxer puppies for sale Lincoln Nebraska? Here is a brief background of this protective dog with a good sense of humour. History of the Boxer The Boxer dog breed is a descendant of the now-extinct Bullenbeisser a fighting dog with Mastiff ancestry and the Old English Bulldog. He was developed in Germany in the 19th century as hunters of deer, wild boar, and bear. Later on, he was used to guard and drive cattle. The man responsible for the creation of the Boxer breed was Georg Alt, who was from Munich. He crossed a brindle-coloured female Bullenbeisser named Flora with a local dog of unknown breed. In , the first German Boxer dog named Flocki joined a dog show in Munich. After winning the dog show, he was the first-ever Boxer dog to be listed down in the German Studbook. Modern Boxer dogs were believed to be the descendants of Flocki. Boxer puppies for sale in Lincoln NE The Boxer dog breed slowly gained popularity throughout Europe in the late s. He was then imported to the United States in and was accepted by the American Kennel Club the following year. The American Boxer Club was established in .In both world wars, various military tasks were given to Boxer dogs including guard dogs, attack dogs, and messenger dogs. The British Boxer Dog Club was then formed in .The Boxer breed was recognised by the Kennel Club shortly thereafter and classified under the Working Group. Versatile and hard-working, these dogs are capable of carrying out different canine work. Boxers are good choices for protection dogs, police dogs, service dogs, and guide dogs for the blind. Temperament and Intelligence of the Boxer puppies Lincoln for sale Extremely patient and gentle, the Boxer breed is good with children. But he is recommended for families with older children as he may accidentally knock over toddlers. Befriending other pets is possible if the Boxer dog is properly socialised at a young age. It will keep him from viewing small animals as prey and reduce his tendency to dominate same-sex dogs. Is a Boxer a good family dog? Yes, the Boxer breed is a good family dog. He may look noble and intimidating, but he is actually considered the Joker of the Dog World. Boxer dogs are playful and fun-loving. They love to be part of family activities and be the centre of attention. Are Boxer dogs dangerous? Boxer dogs may be tough-looking, but they are not generally aggressive. But they will stand guard and defend their families if necessary. Boxer dogs are initially wary of strangers, but they eventually warm up to them if no danger is detected. Their protective and loyal nature makes them good guard dogs as well as watchdogs. Are Boxers easy to train? Yes, Boxer dogs are easy to train if you are already experienced in handling the breed. They are intelligent but tend to be independent and stubborn. Due to this, they are not suited for first-time owners. Boxer dogs respond better to people that are firm and consistent. However, firm does not mean harsh. Instead of strict training methods, positive reinforcements are more effective in teaching this breed basic dog manners and tricks. Boxer Breed Highlights The Boxer dog breed is a loving, loyal, and protective companion. Boxer dogs are comical companions despite their intimidating appearance. The Boxer breed has low-maintenance grooming needs. As an energetic working dog, he has high exercise needs. Boxer dogs tend to be destructive when they are left alone or unable to let off steam. Are there miniature boxers? Yes, but they are rare. Miniature boxers are either a product of mating purebred runts or cross-breeding small dogs that have similar characteristics to boxers, such as Boston terriers, pugs, rat terriers, and fox terriers. While some of these minis may closely resemble their larger counterparts, they may not act similarly. Are boxers hypoallergenic? Unfortunately, boxers are not hypoallergenic. What problems do Boxers have? Boxer dogs are brachycephalic, which means they have flat faces. This trait narrows their airway and causes breathing problems. As a result, Boxers should not be out in the sun for a long time as it can lead to heatstroke. Overexercising them must be avoided too to avoid triggering breathing difficulties. How long do Boxer dogs live? The Boxer dog breed has a short lifespan compared to other dogs. He can only live up to 9—10 years, and this is due to the prevalence of health issues in the breed. When buying a Boxer puppy, look for a reputable breeder whose breeding stock and litters are health-screened. This will help you determine how likely is your chosen Boxer puppy going to develop certain health conditions. Lincoln NE Lincoln is the capital city of the U. The city covers .It is the second-most populous city in Nebraska and the 68th-largest in the United States. The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area in the southeastern part of the state called the Lincoln Metropolitan and Lincoln-Beatrice Combined Statistical Areas. The statistical area is home to , people, making it the th-largest combined statistical area in the United States. Wiki Lincoln Drop us a line! We will not send you unnecessary notices in the future. My name is Tetyana and I am glad to welcome you on the site of the breed nursery. Welcome to the Nebraska state page on TrustedPuppies. Nestled in the heart of the Midwest, Nebraska is known for its picturesque landscapes, friendly communities, and a wealth of dog-friendly activities. Our site features a wide variety of reputable Nebraska breeders who specialize in raising healthy and happy puppies. Our NE breeders are committed to raising the highest quality puppies. They provide their puppies with all the necessary vaccinations and veterinary checkups to ensure they are in the best of health before they go to their forever homes. They also provide ongoing support and advice to ensure a smooth transition for both you and your new furry friend. For those who enjoy the dog show scene, events such as the Nebraska Kennel Club Dog Show are perfect opportunities to engage with fellow Boxer enthusiasts and admire these fantastic dogs. With approximately thousand dogs, Nebraska is the 31st state in the United States in terms of dog ownership. At TrustedPuppies. Most of our reputable Boxer breeders provide secure and affordable flight delivery, with a devoted flight nanny accompanying your new pup throughout their journey, ensuring a safe and comfortable trip as they travel to their new home in the Cornhusker State. In addition to flight delivery, most breeders also offer affordable vehicle delivery utilizing specialized pet delivery services. This option ensures your Boxer puppy is brought to your doorstep by a professional who understands the unique requirements of pet transportation. Start your search for the perfect Boxer puppy today on TrustedPuppies.

Before you buy a French Bulldog, there are some things you should consider, such as the breed, where to find it, and preparing your home for your new pup. With some careful research and preparation, you can find the perfect French Bulldog for sale in the Philippines and bring home a companion that will bring joy to your life. Overview When choosing a French Bulldog, there are a few things to consider. Consider the type of temperament that you want in a dog, as different breeds can have different personalities. You should also make sure to research the particular breeders you are buying from and make sure they have a good reputation. White and Fawn French Bulldogs are some of the most commonly found breeds. Depending on the particular breeder, you may be able to find other colors as well. No matter what color or breed you choose, make sure the French Bulldog is healthy and has been well cared for by the breeder. Once you have chosen your perfect Frenchie, make sure to get the necessary supplies and veterinary care, as well as enroll them in training classes. What to Consider When Buying a French Bulldog When buying a French Bulldog, it is important to be aware of certain considerations as you will want to find the perfect pup for you and your family. You should research different breeds to find the one that best fits your lifestyle. You should also consider the health of the pup and ensure that the pup comes with a health guarantee. You should check if the pup has been well socialized with people and other animals. You should make sure to find a responsible and reputable breeder to ensure that your pup is healthy, well-bred, and of good quality. It is also important to consider the cost of the pup, as some French Bulldogs can be quite expensive. You should factor in the cost of food, toys, and medical care for your new pup. You should also consider the time and energy that you have to dedicate to your pup, as French Bulldogs require a lot of attention and care. You should also determine if you have the space for a French Bulldog in your home. Taking all of these factors into consideration can help you ensure that you are choosing the best pup for you and your family. The most important factor to consider is research. It is essential to learn as much as possible about the breed before making a purchase. Research will help you to understand the specific needs and characteristics of the breed, as well as any health concerns that need to be kept in check. It is also important to find a reputable breeder who will be able to provide you with the necessary information you need to ensure that you are getting a healthy and well-adjusted dog. It is also important to ensure that the French Bulldog you are buying is from a reputable source. This means that the breeder has well-kept records concerning their breeding practices, and that the dogs have received the necessary vaccinations and vet check ups. You may be able to find a breeder who has an online presence, making it easier to conduct your research. Local breeders are also a good option if you prefer to meet the breeder in person. When you are ready to bring your French Bulldog home, it is important to make sure that you have all the necessary supplies and veterinary care prepared. This includes a bed, food, toys, and identification tags. Exploring the Reasons Behind This Common Pet Behavior You will also want to make sure to get your dog spayed or neutered, and to set up regular annual checkups with the vet. It is also important to provide your dog with regular training and socialization in order to keep them happy and healthy. With the proper care and attention, your French Bulldog will make a loyal companion for many years to come. These dogs have an eye-catching coat with a distinctive pattern of black and brown stripes, and they come in a variety of different colors and shades. Brindle Frenchies are intelligent, loyal and affectionate, making them a great choice for a family pet. They tend to be smaller than other French Bulldogs, so they can also be suitable for apartments and other small living spaces. When purchasing a Brindle French Bulldog, be sure to ask your breeder lots of questions. Find out where they sourced the pup, what age they are and what sort of health tests they have had. White French Bulldog White French bulldogs are one of the most popular breeds for sale in the Philippines. With their white coats and beautiful eyes, they make the perfect companion for any home. Before you buy one, however, there are some things to consider. Frenchies are known to be loyal and affectionate, but they can also be stubborn and difficult to train. You want to make sure the puppy is healthy and has been raised in a good environment. With the right research, preparation, and love, you can find the perfect white French bulldog for sale in the Philippines. They have a unique and eye-catching brindle coat, and often have flashes of white around their muzzle, chest, and paws. Fawn Frenchies have a warm, friendly personality and make great family pets. When you have your heart set on a Fawn French Bulldog, make sure to do your research before you buy. This includes food and water dishes, a crate, toys, a bed, and anything else your pup may need. Consider enrolling your pup in a training class. This is a great way to bond with your new pup, as well as helping them to learn good manners and obedience. Fawn French Bulldogs are a wonderful breed and make fantastic family pets. A good place to start is by asking your friends, family, and colleagues for referrals. Local breeders may also be an option, and can be a great way to get to know the breeder and the pet in person before making a purchase. Be sure to ask the breeder plenty of questions, such as how long they have been breeding French Bulldogs and the age of the puppies. Be sure to read customer reviews, ask for references, and make sure to ask them about the health history of their dogs. Make sure to ask how the puppy has been socialized and how much contact you will have with the breeder. Local Breeders When considering buying a French Bulldog from a local breeder, it is important to ensure that you are dealing with a responsible breeding program. You should ask questions about the parents of the puppies, their health and vaccinations, as well as the environment in which the puppies are being raised. You should check to make sure that the breeder follows the guidelines issued by the Philippine Canine Club. Make sure the facility is clean and that the puppies are being cared for properly. Take the time to get to know the puppies and their personalities. This will help you make the right decision when selecting your perfect pup. It is important to ask the breeder if they offer a health guarantee. This should provide you with peace of mind knowing that if your new pup develops any health issues, the breeder is willing to take responsibility. Online Breeders When shopping for a French Bulldog online, research the breeder before making a purchase. Make sure that the breeder is reputable, experienced, knowledgeable, and willing to provide references. Ask for their certification, if they are members of any clubs or organizations, and ask to see their health records. Doing your research and taking your time to find the right Frenchie for you will help ensure that your pup is healthy and happy for years to come! Make sure you have all the supplies you need for your pup. This includes a high-quality food, treats, a collar and leash, a bed, toys, and any other items that will help your pup settle into its new home. You should also make sure your pup is up to date on its vaccinations, has been dewormed, and has been spayed or neutered. You should consider enrolling your pup in obedience classes or training sessions to help them become well-socialized. When it comes to finding the perfect French Bulldog for sale in the Philippines, be sure to do your research and find a reputable breeder. Make sure you visit the breeder before bringing your pup home and ask any questions you have. Before you know it, your pup will become an integral part of your family. Supplies When bringing home a French Bulldog, the right supplies are essential. Make sure to get a comfortable, cozy bed for your pup to sleep in, in addition to food and water bowls. Having a leash, collar, and ID tag will ensure your pup is safe and secure whenever you take them out for walks. When considering where to buy supplies, opt for quality and durability. Look for supplies that are waterproof and easy to clean, as well as ones that are comfortable for your pup. When it comes to food and water bowls, stainless steel ones are a great choice. Having the right supplies for your French Bulldog is essential for their health and well-being. Invest in quality items that will last, and make sure to get everything you need before bringing your pup home. With the right supplies and a little love, your pup will settle into their new home in no time. Find a reputable veterinary that offers a full range of services, from routine checkups to emergency services. Your pup will also need flea and tick prevention as well as heartworm prevention, as these issues can become serious if left untreated. You should also discuss heartworm tests and other tests that your pup may need depending on the age and breed. When you visit the veterinarian, make sure to ask them about any other treatments or tests that may be recommended for your pup. Your vet can also give you advice about the best diet for your French Bulldog and the type of food that should be fed. They can recommend an exercise plan for your pup and provide information about the proper way to groom a Frenchie. Taking your pup for regular vet checkups is also an important part of keeping them healthy and happy. Training Training your French Bulldog is essential for a happy and healthy life together. Start with basic commands such as sit, stay, and come, and work your way up to more advanced commands like fetch and heel. You can do this yourself or enroll in a local obedience class. Always start with positive reinforcement, like a treat or a pat on the head, and be sure to give lots of praise when your pup learns something new. Be patient and consistent with your Frenchie. If your pup is having difficulty understanding certain commands, go back and break them down into smaller parts. There are lots of dog trainers out there who can provide guidance and advice on how to get your pup to understand commands. Conclusion When buying a French Bulldog, make sure you do your research, consider all your options and come prepared to welcome your new pet. Familiarize yourself with the different types of Frenchie for sale in the Philippines and find a breed that suits your lifestyle. Look for a local breeder or shop online to find the perfect pup. Have all the necessary supplies ready for your new pup, such as a bed, toys, food and water bowls, and set up an appointment with the veterinarian for any necessary vaccinations. Training a French Bulldog takes time and patience, but with the right resources and adequate training, you can have a happy and well-behaved pup in no time. Socialize your pup with other people and animals and reward him with treats when he follows commands or behaves well. With your dedication and guidance, you and your pup can build a strong bond that will last a lifetime. Post Views: .How Much is a French Bulldog in the Philippines? Get the Scoop Now! Introduction Are you considering buying a French Bulldog in the Philippines? These lovable and popular pups can come with a hefty price tag, but understanding factors that affect the cost and where to find a reputable breeder can help you get the pup of your dreams without breaking the bank. Read on for all the scoop! What is a French Bulldog? A French Bulldog is a small, stocky and playful breed of dogs that originated in France. They have short legs and big bat-like ears, and are usually brown, black or white in color. Frenchies are incredibly loyal and affectionate, and make great family pets. They are also very adaptable and can live in almost any environment, whether it be an apartment or a house. French Bulldogs are relatively low-maintenance and are generally healthy dogs, although they do require regular grooming and exercise. French Bulldogs are also fairly easy to train and tend to be very social, so they make great additions to any family. They may require a bit more attention than other breeds, but given the right amount of love and care, a Frenchie can be a wonderful pet for years to come. French Bulldogs have become increasingly popular in recent years, and as demand for these furry friends has grown, so too has their price tag. French Bulldogs can cost anywhere from a couple of thousand to several thousand dollars, depending on their age, quality, and other factors. One of the main reasons why these dogs cost so much is that they are extremely in-demand, meaning that breeders are able to set higher prices for them. Breeding French Bulldogs can be quite expensive and labor-intensive, and as a result, breeders need to factor this cost into their price for the pup. Aside from the cost of the actual pup, there are other things to consider when buying a French Bulldog. Potential owners should budget for vet bills, grooming, food, and other supplies such as toys and treats. All in all, buying a French Bulldog can be an expensive endeavor. With the right research and dedication, potential owners can find the pup of their dreams while staying within their budget. Factors like pedigree, age, and any special needs the pup might have can affect the cost. The most important factor is the breed or lineage of the dog. French Bulldogs with a higher pedigree or lineage will cost more. Other factors that can affect the cost include age, size, health, temperament, and color. A puppy will cost more than an adult dog, and different colors can also affect the price. Size can also affect the price. The bigger the dog, the more it will cost. Average Prices for French Bulldogs in the Philippines When shopping for a French Bulldog in the Philippines, you want to make sure that the cost is something you can realistically afford. Prices can vary depending on the breed, age, and other factors. Puppies tend to be more expensive, while older French Bulldogs can be found for cheaper. You should also keep in mind that there may be additional costs associated with owning a French Bulldog — such as veterinary bills, food, and grooming. Do your research to find a reputable breeder and make sure to ask lots of questions. The best way to find a French Bulldog in the Philippines is to look for a reputable breeder. You can also look for classified ads or visit pet shops or kennels. Other Important Costs to Consider When considering the cost of a French Bulldog in the Philippines, there are several other expenses to factor in. Plan on budgeting for pet insurance as well. This can help cover unexpected medical needs and keep your furry companion in good health. These can help your pup get used to their new home, help them learn basic commands, and help you become a better pet parent. Training and socialization classes are essential for all dogs, especially those with a strong-willed personality, such as French Bulldogs. Investing in these classes can help you have a happy and healthy pup for years to come. Where to Buy a French Bulldog in the Philippines When considering where to purchase a French Bulldog in the Philippines, the first thing to do is research the breeders and their reputations. Look for breeders who are knowledgeable about the breed and have a good track record. It is important to visit the breeder before purchasing the puppy, to ensure that the environment is clean, safe and suitable for the French Bulldog. The next step is to check the health of the puppy. Ask the breeder for vaccination and deworming records and make sure the puppy is healthy and fit. Ask for a written contract from the breeder. Be sure to read all documents carefully and make sure all promises are recorded in writing before paying for the French Bulldog. What to Look for in a Breeder When selecting a breeder for your French Bulldog, it is important to ensure you pick one with a good reputation for health and quality. Look for one that is open about the health and pedigree of their puppies, and has references from past customers. Ask for documents like pedigree certificates, and meet the breeder in person to get a good feel for the way they keep their puppies. When visiting the breeder, check the environment where the puppies are kept and inspect their general health. PCCI , and adheres to their code of ethics. Reputable breeders will know how to answer your questions, and will always be more than happy to provide you with all the information you need. Any breeder worth their salt will be willing to provide a money-back guarantee. A good breeder should offer support and assistance if you have any problems or questions relating to your puppy. Ask around for recommendations from fellow French Bulldog owners, and read online reviews. Ask about their experience and knowledge, the health and genetics of their French Bulldog puppies, and their breeding practices. Be sure to meet the puppies and their parent before making a final decision. Finding a reputable breeder is a key step in ensuring you get a healthy, happy pup. Be sure to take your time and do your due diligence to make sure you have the best shot of finding the perfect French Bulldog for you. Good luck! Conclusion When buying a French Bulldog in the Philippines, research is key. If possible, visit the breeder and meet the pup in person. These costs can add up quickly, so make sure you are prepared to cover them. Consider the cost of food, toys, bedding, and any additional supplies you may need. In the end, the cost of a French Bulldog in the Philippines varies depending on breed, age, and other factors. Be sure to do your research and factor in both the initial and long-term costs of owning a French Bulldog before making a purchase. Post Views: 1,

Apart from recurring costs such as dog food, toys, and grooming essentials, a great chunk of your finances must go to routine veterinary care and pet insurance. Annual check-ups should be done on adult German Shepherds to check their physical condition and ensure they are healthy dogs. This involves listening to the heart and checking the ears and eyes. The typical lifespan of a GSD is 7 to 10 years. Other Potential Expenses Owning a dog is already comparable to parenthood. German Shepherds, much like any other dog breed, have other needs that go beyond food, water, and shelter. Your dog will be watched over, fed, and socialized with other dogs. Grooming Services: For your GSD to have a well-maintained coat and appearance, you should take them to a professional grooming salon. They will be cleaned, trimmed, and pampered as they deserve. Emergency Treatment: Dogs grow up so fast. As your German Shepherd puppy gets older, they are more prone to health issues like hip dysplasia. Sudden injuries can also happen that will require immediate medical attention and treatment. This will allow them to join various dog shows and other competitions. Places to Find German Shepherd Puppies for Sale and Adoption Once you plan everything out financially, you are ready to find places where you can buy your German Shepherd puppy. Cheap German Shepherd dogs can be bought from puppy mills or a backyard breeder. Buying from responsible breeders is the best option to get healthy puppies that will grow up to be strong adult dogs. To help on your quest, here is a list of breeders certified by the American Kennel Club that offer high-quality German Shepherd puppies: Vom Ragnar German Shepherds — This is a small kennel located in Illinois dedicated to breeding show-quality German Shepherds with sound temperament and the best condition because they have their puppies undergo health testing. This breeder strives to match their GSD pups to the most suited families. Mittelwest German Shepherds — As a well-renowned breeder, the owner ensures that they only produce show-quality German Shepherd puppies that can serve as show dogs, guard dogs, K-9, and much more. They also import and ship their dogs worldwide. West Coast German Shepherds — If you are located in California, this breeder can offer you a health-tested German Shepherd puppy coming from the best bloodlines. Buying the cheapest puppies online seems tempting, especially if you are on a budget, but you might spend more in the future due to medical expenses. To easily distinguish a responsible breeder from a puppy mill or backyard breeder, check out our puppy buying guide. Are you considering adopting a German Shepherd instead of buying from a breeder? If you are, this list can help you find the perfect GSD pup for you: German Shepherd Rescue and Adoptions — Based in North Carolina, this non-profit organization was established to protect and promote the German Shepherd breed. German Shepherd Rescue of Orange County — This volunteer organization is all about placing unwanted, neglected, and abused German Shepherds into permanent, loving homes. Applicants are encouraged to meet up with their chosen dog prior to adoption. Matching their rescue dogs to a suitable owner is their top priority, along with the restoration of their health. For more chances of finding your lifelong companion, check out this list of the 10 best German Shepherd rescues. You can surely find one in your location! Adoption is the cheapest alternative to getting a German Shepherd Dog, and this is more suggested than buying from backyard breeders. Buy high-quality items. You will spend more on replacing them rather than having good products that can last for a longer time. Purchase supplies in bulk. When buying food or treats for your pup, make sure to stock up by buying them in bulk. This can save you a lot of money than buying small bags of kibble or cans of wet food. Keep your dog in excellent shape. To avoid expensive veterinary bills, keep your German Shepherd puppy fit and healthy. Do this by feeding them high-quality dog food equipped with the right nutrients. Groom your GSD at home. Instead of going to a professional groomer, learn to groom your German Shepherd puppy at home. All you need to do is buy the basic grooming tools and research how to groom your dog effectively. Plan your finances accordingly so no one will have to suffer in the long run. They are highly intelligent and loyal dogs that will protect you at all costs. Buying one from a reputable breeder is worth the hefty purchase price than purchasing from backyard breeders or puppy mills. On another note, you can adopt from a local rescue organization, but make sure to ask about any current health conditions that the dog may have. Aside from the financial aspect, make sure you are prepared for the full responsibility of being a German Shepherd puppy owner. Now you know how much German Shepherds cost, are you ready to own one? Share your thoughts in the comments below. My passion for animals started at a very young age as I grow up on a farm with several horses, cows, cats, chickens, and dogs on our property. Leave a Comment. One would wonder - why is there such a huge range in price? What is the difference? For someone that is not experienced with the breed all the fancy abbreviations are not making much sense and often a pedigree is just a list of names. How to tell if the pedigree is breed-worthy? We often think that the higher the price, the higher the quality - but is it always true? Nobody wants to pay more if the same quality is available for less, but how to tell the difference? We will try our best to answer these and many other questions on this page and hopefully, will explain the GSD pricing and what impacts it, what to look for and if you do get what you pay for. How much should a German Shepherd cost? Let us be honest - when it comes to quality German Shepherd Dogs, there is no "cheap". We have great connections with breeders in USA, we stay in touch and monitor the market. We know what is offered for sale and what pricing policy different kennels are following. To this day we have yet to see a well-bred quality German Shepherd Dog puppy for sale at less than two thousand US dollars. There is a lot of time and funds invested into quality breeding stock dogs, training, health testing, food and care of the dogs. Responsible Breeders and enthusiasts are barely breaking even after selling their pups. Opposed to them are many "back-yard breeders" or pet owners that have no knowledge of the breed and the breeding requirements. They see an opportunity to make quick money and decide to breed their pet dogs in most times not even mature to a healthy breeding age and far off the breed conformation to produce " pet quality" puppies. When a buyer comes to a reputable breeder and gets set off by a high price, they seek someone with cheaper version. Who needs those fancy show titles and lengthy pedigree if all I want is just a pet? We firmly believe that back-yard-breeders are the biggest scam of the GSD breeding. In most cases, these dogs even come with an AKC registration, but this does not add quality to the puppy. Registration is just that - a registration and not a sign of quality. Every registration will come with a pedigree and quality pedigree does add quality, but nor a registration itself. We have seen pedigrees where none of the dogs on the entire pedigree hold any working or show titles. We have seen pedigrees where zero dogs in five generations have passed genetic health testing. So, when a person is trying to look for a low-cost German Shepherd Dog and goes to a BYB, they are most likely purchasing a mixed breed dog with a poor conformation and faulty temperament. In lines where dogs were not tested for generations is a high possibility of genetic health problems. Meanwhile, this "pet breeder" does not even see or understand the difference: we sometimes see advertisement of puppies for sale and can not believe our eyes. Everything on the ad screams: "Not a German Shepherd", but most people don't see it.Does this seems like a great deal to you? No to us! Not every litter is the same and our pricing reflects that accordingly. Show and Working homes that seek full AKC Registration need to contact us for pricing for puppies sold with full AKC - that will differ on a litter and situation. We accept PayPal transfers, Cash or Checks and may offer flexible payment plan options to help families that desire to have a dog, but can not afford to pay the full price up front. If dogs are sold in Wisconsin, we also charge sales tax in the amount 5. When we purchased our dogs, we paid at least double of what we are asking for the puppies. Many puppy buyers want to have a proof that their dog is a purebred. A pedigree of a dog is a first important point to consider when choosing a new puppy. But pedigree means very little when a person does not know how to read it or does not understand what to look for in a pedigree. It is essential that the buyer learns how to read a pedigree OR that a breeder explains a pedigree to a buyer. Not every pedigree is the same and some pedigrees mean very little, if nothing and are just bunch of names. Literally — just a bunch of names with absolutely no value. The names are just that — what the owner have named their dog and are not a real title. We have also made up this name for this article, but you get the idea, right? A puppy with a quality pedigree will have several generations of health tested, shown and titled dogs. Yes, not every breeder posts images of their dogs online, but there would be show mentions, trial mentions or pages created by other users on specialized dog-related websites, such as pedigreedatabase user created , workingdog or similar. How many VA dogs are on a pedigree and how far on a pedigree are they? Remember, all titles and health testing can be looked up. Also, pedigree allows to see inbreeding — breeding from closely related animals, especially over many generations. A good breeder understands the consequences of inbreeding and it is not uncommon to see inline breeding starting at sharing the same dog on a third line - puppy is "0", parents are 1, grandparents are 2, great-grandparents are 3 this is the closest inbreeding allowed. Not only this is unethical, but persistent inbreeding has produced an unusually high frequency of sufferers from genetic diseases and abnormalities. Pedigree is important, as it provides information on lineage, whether or not every dog on the pedigree is health tested, shown, titled, meets breed conformation and temperament. Each line has its own conformation standard, temperament traits and working abilities. Therefore, for this article we are going to quote a fellow hobby-breeder, Len from Hektor Haus. These shepherds should at a very minimum be AKC certified. With no paperwork, free might be acceptable if you just want to give a dog a new home. Hopefully the people responsible for their actions would also cover deworming, vaccinations and other fees. Unfortunately, American lines are now in hands of back-yard breeders, this has caused bad reputation of the breed, high number of health issues and lots of shelter dogs. We do not breed American Lines, as they do not satisfy our standards of breeding. German Working Line: These Shepherds range depending on the breeder, facilities, bloodline, etc. They can be more with additional training. German Show Lines: These are dogs that adhere to the breed standard and are significantly different animals. While any dog can be an excellent companion, these are beautiful, extraordinary family members with a little less drive than the working line. All health testing of a dog can also be looked up. It is important to understand what lines the dog comes from and how many dogs on the pedigree were tested and what grades were given to the dogs on the pedigree. A good breeder will have a record of all health testing for their breeding dogs and will be happy to show a proof of the grade. For OFA-evaluated dogs, a Certificate is issued and results can be found online. It is extremely important to evaluate the entire lineage. For German Shepherd, these are optional and are not a requirement for breeding. They simply are a tool to utilize while making breeding decisions. DM results are seen more now, while the test is not a guarantee to avoid a DM in puppies. Many times we see DM test being the only test done, as it is relatively low cost and can be done at home, without a visit to a vet. DM tested dog is NOT health tested dog. So, the chances of genetic health issues in a puppy are minimized. Breeders can only do their very best to carefully choose breeding stock dogs and health test them prior to breeding to minimize the risks of any health issues in puppies and trust that Mother Nature will allow only the best genes to be passed on. Just like in humans, two healthy parents can unfortunately have a baby with a health issue. Of course, in our human world feelings take over the genetic imbalances. But being a breeder, we choose the dogs we are letting to mate to produce a litter and therefore, we can analyze the dogs prior to the breeding to see how they are comparable and healthy. Working with a healthy pool of genes and choosing the best — brings the chances of health issues to a minimum. We also find it ethical to health test any dog before deciding to breed to ensure that this dog is capable to have a healthy pregnancy and safe delivery. When it comes to it, when you look at parents, do they look like the dog you dream to own? What do the titles mean? Given only to a group of outstanding German shepherds at a Sieger show. Outstanding German shepherds with full dentition and good character. Really about average, given to typical but not exceptional animals. Given to below average dogs. Poor quality dogs but of tolerable character. Given to dogs with faulty character or serious faults, ungraded. Why is this important? While a breed standard for a German Shepherd Dog is clearly written and can be found online, we must understand why some dogs rank higher, why some are disqualified and what to look for. One way to do so - is to look at dog or images of the dog shows yourself. The more dogs you see, the better you understand the quality of the breed. We believe that if a person can not see a difference, and to them "a dog is a dog", they most likely are better off adopting a dog from a shelter anyway. To us, the difference between well-bred and poorly-bred dog is tremendous, and just by looking at the images of parents or puppies, we can see where the breeding is going and what potential a puppy has. Please note, that we are not for breeding "the best looking dogs" only - No! They all are equally important. A good responsible breeder will do anything possible to stay as close to the breed standard as possible and eliminate breed faults from their breeding. Therefore, off-colors, off-size and off-temperament dogs must not be used in breeding. It must be a big red flag for a buyer. You will be put on a waiting list by date you put down your deposit and be put on the next available puppy. Von der Otto German Shepherds Offers and easy credit card payment option at no charge. This is according on the litter and if pink papered with high end import parents bred to top rated males in Europe. We do not give breeding rights to any puppies, unless you after 2 years prove you have followed Germany rules. You need to show in German shows and get your dog fully titled through "Von der Otto. Retired or still in service. Imports fully titled or an untitled male or female. All price will be listed on the puppies, planned litter or adult page. All our dogs are imported from Germany and some are born from top German breeding born at our home. We have NO American breeds. Only West German show lines. We give NO breeding rights to keep our lines pure, unless previously agreed on and we approve your breeding program. Adults prices vary and will be listed on the Adults for Sale page with a set price. Refer to the puppies and planned litter page for price range on each litter. Puppies will come with limited breeding rights for AKC. Breeding rights can be approved at a later date after all tests have been passed and approved by the breeder when the male or female has reached two years old. The hips and elbows are required to be certified at the very minimum. Also, a written agreed breeding program for your kennel will need to be approved before breeding rights can be approved. Business or Personal Checks must be received 10 business days prior to pick up or delivery Credit Cards must be paid on the payment page 10 business days prior to pick up or delivery Cash can be paid on the same day you picked up your puppy, but ONLY cash We do NOT accept personal or business checks, cashier checks, money orders or travelers checks when taking possession of our puppies. Except for Cash, payments will have to be paid in advance or you will NOT receive your puppy on the same day you visit our kennel. You will have to come back and pick up your puppy when full payment has been received or cleared from your bank. Payment requirements also include any shipping cost owed. The shipping costs are the responsibility of the buyer. Fees include a health certificate, shipping crate and plane fare. Due to airline cost increases this is subject to change at time of shipment. All shipping costs must be paid before shipping. Return Policy is included in the Written Guarantee given to owners at the time of purchase. Info Links. What factors determine the price of a German Shepherd Puppy? The price of a German Shepherd puppy does vary, depending on her age, color, bloodline, litter size, location, as well as breeding cost. German Shepherds obtained from animal shelters and rescue organizations are relatively inexpensive because they charge only enough to cover their costs. Here are the 5 most prominent factors that will affect the price of a German Shepherd: 1. Age Age is the most important factor in determining the price of a German Shepherd Dog. All in all, it has a lot to do with the desirability of a cuddly puppy. Puppies that are only weeks old will cost the most. It is because this marks the beginning of the most precious moments of a puppy. The demand drives up the price. The price of German Shepherd puppies of 12 weeks or older will start to decrease. Adult German Shepherds will be offered at much lower prices because some people see them as less desirable. Another reason is that the new owner may need to set a budget for health issues related to senior dogs. Coat Color Some colors are more expensive than others. For German Shepherds, colors such as white will cost more than the usual black and tan. This is because these rare coat colors are more difficult to breed. Bloodline Although purebred German Shepherds puppies are the most sought-after ones, mixed-breed pups usually cost much less and have the potential to be healthier than many purebreds. In general, German Shepherds have working lines and show lines, totaling five different variations. We will get into them later in this article. Litter size It refers to the number of puppies in a litter. Usually, the more the number of puppies in a litter, the cheaper the price will become. Location The location from where you purchase your German Shepherd can actually affect how much you pay. Areas with a lower cost of living, or places where there is less demand will typically charge lower prices than more populated cities. Certain states or cities may even have more regulations on breeding which may increase the cost, thus the price of a German Shepherd pup. And these all come at a cost for the breeders. What are the different variations of the German Shepherd bloodline and their prices? While the German Shepherd is a dog breed of its own, you may probably stumble upon different variations. Purebred German Shepherds come in many different sizes, colors, coloration patterns, and body styles. In general, German Shepherds are divided into working lines and show lines, totaling five different variations. Here is a four-minute video from which you can learn about their variations: 1. They have a distinctive angulation with their back legs shorter than their front legs, thinner bones, and significantly smaller heads. They come in quite a few colors, mostly solid with occasional bi-color variations, including black and tan saddle, solid back, solid white, and saddle sable. But their obedient and playful character make them fantastic pets. There are certain measurement minimums for their hips and elbows. This results in a stunning, very specific, and uniform appearance. These dogs have a very strong, pronounced build with a black and tan saddle, and solid back. They make good house protectors and need a lot of exercises and to be trained frequently. These dogs are very social. So they are perfect for families with kids. This is the line of GSD you would normally see in movies. They are also closest to the original breed that was bred and developed by Max von Stephanitz, who is acknowledged as the father of German Shepherd Dogs. With a stable temperament, they excel in working jobs, and also make awesome family pets. Rigid control of the original DDR breed prevents the gene poll from diluting. They must be free from any history of hip dysplasia, among other health conditions, to be able to reproduce. This resulted in a very distinct look — with large heads, large bones, and a shiny dark coat. The Czech further tightened the breeding standards, resulting in arguably the most intense breed of German Shepherd available to date. But they are extremely loyal and obedient, with a pleasant temperament. They could be the best guard dog to protect people. But they are extremely rare nowadays. Other factors that affect the cost of a German Shepherd A puppy whose parents and often grandparents and other relatives are hunting champions has the potential to excel in these areas as well. And it will cost you more than any puppy who is the offspring of just average parents. And the most expensive German Shepherds are those adults with proven records as show dogs, K9, or breeding dogs. What is a reasonable price for a German Shepherd puppy? Reputable breeders, when pricing their German Shepherd puppies, must factor in the cost of breeding, feeding, raising, and caring for the pups as well as their mother. We do not ask that you return the original dog to us. We breed the working show line with outstanding sound temperament, solid, stable nerves, correct conformation, superior health, and the highest levels of trainability and quality show or family companion dogs and breeding the finest German Shepherd Puppies in the WORLD! Puppy Imprinting and Socialization Program begin at puppyhood. This early training provides your puppy a head start in their new life! A unique learning period occurs during puppyhood, enabling young dogs to absorb information about their world quickly and how to react to it. Each experience defines your puppy's future behavior and dictates how it will respond to humans. At our "Puppy Canine Training" and "Puppy Development Training" Program we teach young dog to see humans as their leader, understand rules and boundaries, and imprints each foundational command upon which all future obedience skills are built. Our trained puppies come with house training, crate training, socialization skills with children, adults, other animals, including dogs. Object orientation in building drive with motivation to perform. Our trained puppies live with our families and our children, with regular bathing, trimming of nails and cleaning ears. Our trained puppies are introduced to stairs and slippery floor environment as well. We are here to ensure that all your expectations are met courteously and professionally. If, for any reason, you are not satisfied with our German shepherd dogs, German shepherd puppies, and our services, please let us know immediately so we can correct the problem and make it right for you, all with a smile. Less - The German Shepherds are medium to large-sized dogs , well-balanced, muscular dog, slightly longer than tall, with a medium length coat, erect ears, and a low-set natural tail that normally reaches to the hock and is carried in a slight curve like a saber. The outline of the German Shepherd Dog is made up of smooth curves rather than angles. The head is in proportion to the size of the body, strong without appearing coarse or fine. Gender differences are readily apparent. The German Shepherd Dog is confident and fearless, willing to be approached, yet a certain level of aloofness towards strangers is acceptable. When working, the German Shepherd is alert and eager, adapting well to new tasks. Lack of confidence is a serious defect in the character of a German Shepherd. The structure of this breed was designed for efficient locomotion, particularly at the trot, so poor movement is another serious fault. History Less - The German Shepherd Dog is a relatively young breed, developed almost single-handedly in the first half of the twentieth century by a German cavalry officer, Max von Stephanitz, president of the Verein far Deutsche Schaferhunde S. Using a variety of German sheepdogs as his foundation stock, von Stephanitz developed a distinctive breed in a very short period of time, due in large part to the authoritarian practices of the German dog fancy at that time. Von Stephanitz emphasized utility and intelligence in his breeding program, enabling the German Shepherd Dog to switch easily from herding duties to other fields of work, particularly military and police work. All things German were shunned and popularity slumped. After the war, however, movie star Rin-tin-tin stimulated interest in the breed again. The striking good looks of this breed, combined with its remarkable intelligence and loyalty, have made it a favorite working and companion dog. If you are looking to buy a German Shepherd puppy, then you should find one from a reputable breeder. While these puppies are more expensive, a reputable breeder can guarantee the health and behavior of the puppy. These dogs are prone to genetic diseases such as hip and elbow dysplasia. These health issues can be avoided by genetically testing the parents, which is something reputable breeders usually do. When improperly raised puppies might have behavioral issues and can cause a lot of damage if they bite someone. A good breeder will have their dogs pass a temperament test. German Shepherd Dog Price While most dogs in shelters are adults, adopting a German Shepherd is a great way to find a dog without supporting unethical breeding. Sometimes these hardworking shepherd dogs are given up because they are very energetic. Not everyone is able to take care of a dog that needs a lot of attention and exercise. Some people buy a German Shepherd puppy without understanding the work involved in caring for this breed. Why Are They So Expensive? Breeding a healthy and well-behaved German Shepherd puppy is not easy! It is not as simple as crossing German Shepherds together. However, if you want a puppy of good temperament that is genetically healthy, there are other costs involved in the breeding and raising. This is especially important for a German Shepherd. You do not want a puppy that grows up to be aggressive or that suffers from mobility issues due to hip and elbow dysplasia. Papers A paperless German Shepherd puppy will be the cheapest. Typically breeders invest as little as possible in these pups. You get a puppy just how it is, without knowing its pedigree or background. A puppy with health certifications, temperament test results, and registration papers costs more than this. However, those papers will be beneficial not just for you, but also the puppy. This means your puppy meets the breed standard and is a purebred dog. The last thing you want is to buy a German Shepherd wolf-mix thinking it is purebred. Veterinarian Visits Reputable breeders not only genetically health test the parents, but they will also take the puppy to see a vet before 8 weeks for a basic health check. During these visits breeders will also have the puppies vaccinated, dewormed and placed on preventatives. When you buy a German Shepherd puppy from a reputable breeder, they will offer you a health guarantee. Most will also be able to provide you proof that the puppy has passed a temperament test. Training Some breeders also take the time to socialize and train their puppies. Many experienced breeders have a specialized training program that begins the process of potty training and basic obedience. This will mean you have an easier time housetraining your puppy, but you will have to pay for their efforts! These are all good signs that the puppy you are buying is of good quality. This will mean you are more likely to avoid any temperament issues or having to pay for vet visits to diagnose and treat hip and elbow dysplasia. Bloodlines Breeders who focus on breeding championship bloodlines will charge more for their puppies. A family might not need such a high-quality German Shepherd. All they need is a healthy and well-behaved puppy that will bring them years of happiness. However, there are many people who need a working dog or show dog. The most expensive dogs are those that are bred to be champions or protective and hard-working. Some breeders spend thousands of dollars just training a world class service dog. A family friendly guard dog with a protective temperament is not easy to breed consistently. Breeders have to factor in not just the genetics, but also the temperament and training. Origin The most expensive types of German Shepherds are those that are imported directly from Germany. Breeders must pay to stud and import these dogs which is not cheap. Since the German Shepherd breed originated in Germany, breeders in the US import dogs from Germany to breed puppies with a purebred lineage. Breeding in Europe is more regulated so the bloodlines are better protected. These puppies are known as European German Shepherds and are slightly different. They are smaller, have straighter backs and brighter coat colors. Some people think they look similar to a belgian malinois. Most European dogs are bred to be working dogs, while American dogs are more frequently bred for companionship. This is the same for American and German Rottweilers and American vs. European Dobermans. All of these breeder will be able to provide: Pedigree and kennel club registration. Documents that certify the puppy is free of any disease and has been checked by a veterinarian. A health warranty. Health records that guarantee the parents are genetically healthy and will not pass on elbow or hip dysplasia. These German Shepherd breeders all breed their puppies in accordance with the breed standard. None of them will sell puppies that are not registered with the American Kennel Club. Another good place to start looking for breeders is the American Kennel Club marketplace. Many of these puppies are bred to be family dogs and come with their papers. As you start looking into more well-known breeders or those that produce dogs of championship or working bloodlines, then the price of a German Shepherd starts to increase. Julia was a German Shepherd bred by the Harrison K-9 facility, highly trained in protection. She could also understand commands in three different languages. Her intelligence, as well as her ability to protect, were why she was priced so highly. Julia was bought by a billionaire businessman in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The rarest coat color is panda, which is why it is also the most expensive. These German Shepherds are black and white. It is a piebald pattern where the black coat is splotched with large patches of white. Some puppies can have other colors like tan, instead of white. Panda dogs are purebred, but the rarity of this mutation makes them very hard to find. There are very few breeders that sell the panda color. And he actually cost nothing! By the end of his life, Rin Tin Tin had appeared in 27 Hollywood films. Rin Tin Tin most notably helped Warner Bros. But these dogs come in more than just this classic color! There are 11 colors that are recognized by the breed standard. Check out the table below for some German Shepherd prices based on coat color. The tan color covers the chest, belly and legs. White A white puppy has a furry coat that is entirely white, allowing it to blend in with the snow. Its eyes and nose are black as coal. Black A black German Shepherd has a coat that is entirely black. Any other color would classify them as a bi-color. Blue A blue German Shepherd is not literally blue, but has a gray color with a bluish hue. Sable The sable color is one of the most common colors, but is a bit more interesting than the black and tan. The hairs of these dogs have bands of tan and black, giving them a very unique coloring. Some of the factors that contribute to this cost are: Food. Adopt German shepherd dogs and puppies from petsworld. German shepherds are so adaptable and intelligent that they have performed just about every job known to dogs. From his striking size to his straight ears and dark eyes, this breed of dogs has achieved a legendary status as an ideal canine. Owing to their remarkable intelligence, these dogs can perform plethora of works, such as leading the blind, detecting illicit drugs, bringing down fleeing criminals and serving in the armed forces. These loyal, energetic, and devoted canines have become quite popular among pet lovers all over the world. Further, they have excelled in almost every canine sport, including obedience, agility, tracking, rally, and of course herding. All these notable features of these dogs have increased their demand. You should always buy German shepherd from the certified pet breeders and not from pet shops or puppy mills. Always see the health certificate of their parents to minimize chances of any genetic disorder. German shepherd dog breed information General Information:.

Imagine you could come home to a lovable, dedicated, companion for life! If you knew what to look for when buying a German Shepherd puppy, you could find your next best friend. Before you buy your new best friend, read this information so you know what to look for in buying a healthy, quality German Shepherd puppy. I group them into major categories. Will you show him in conformation? Do you want to work with him in Schutzhund or herding? Or do you want a confident and alert companion? Know exactly what you want from your puppy. These dogs are the least costly since they have a trait that prevents them from winning in conformation competitions. These flaws rarely matter to most pet owners. And many minor faults like flat withers or slightly smaller offset ears will probably go unnoticed by most owners. The vast majority of GSDs are family pets. These dogs make great pets as long as they have sound temperaments! They breed some dogs for certain traits that are highly desirable but considered a fault. For example, long-coat or plush-coat GSDs. Show-quality dogs have good temperament and health. You usually buy them for their breed standard qualities that make them able to compete in confirmation or show events. A show-quality dog may cost significantly more if they have the traits desirable to win at a show. This group comes from Championship show lines with a long history of winning. If you plan on showing your Shepherd this is the quality you want. Beware of any breeder who claims they only raise competition-quality dogs. Even the best breeders produce many pet-quality dogs and if a breeder says they only breed perfect dogs, this is a red flag to not buy from them. The GSD is a herding breed, and the working-quality dogs excel at working trials such as scent competitions and Schutzhund. Other work includes climbing and jumping competitions or searching and tracking. They need mental stimulation to keep them occupied and take a lot of time to handle properly. These dogs are better with experienced handlers since you use them for high drive working and competition. They require hours and years of training and preparation for you to have total control during competition. We base this decision on preference. With the correct upbringing and training, both sexes are loyal companions and good with children. They may grow into more dominant dogs, so a confident handler is more desirable. Males may hike their back legs to mark their territory. This can occur on any object — chairs, walls, couches or even your leg. I suggest an extra bout of socialization during this stage, especially with other well-behaved dogs. So they may be better for the first-time owner. Unspayed females come into season every 6 months, so they must receive monitoring and watch to avoid unwanted pregnancies. Their season time can vary from as little as every 4 months to every 9 months. They can attract males to your property and on walks that will harass them if not spayed. Certain breeders and organizations will deal only in a certain coat length and color. The standard coat length is a short coat with double layers. Guard hairs on the top cover a softer underlayer of hair that provides warmth and protection. But there are many coat lengths available depending on your liking. Look online at the different GSD coat lengths to get an idea of what type of fur you want your dog to have. The longer the fur the more grooming involved. The color you choose is a matter of individual taste. Keep in mind the color of many Shepherds alters from their puppyhood to around 2 years of age. Your dog may become lighter or darker. Perhaps they will lose some of their markings as the color fades into the adult pattern. The best way to know what color and patterns your dog grows into is to see the parents of the litter. If the father is unavailable, then ask for photos. Why should you care where your dog comes from if you only want him as a pet companion? You want to get a dog that will live a long and healthy life from a source that has quality puppies. These tips will help you make the best decision on what type of pup fits in your life. Newspaper and Internet Classified Ads Newspaper and internet ads are in abundance. Many backyard breeders hide behind ads online or in local papers. But some breeders who use newspapers and classified ads are reputable and knowledgeable. The problem is you need to visit them to find out, and this can take time to sift through them all. Try the following more reputable suggestions to save yourself time. Dog Care Professionals Ask dog professionals for recommendations. Check with your local veterinarian, groomer, and boarding kennel personnel if they know reputable breeders in town. These professionals are good sources of quality leads. Use the same caution that you will for a classified ad. Verify their suggestions. Many of these organizations regularly receive puppies they need to re-home. While you might not know the full pedigree of the dog, purebred GSDs find themselves in shelters and rescues from no fault of their own. These organizations are a good resource for your first pup. Before adopting, find out as much information as you can. Was the puppy exposed to children? Did he live with other dogs or cats? A well-organized shelter or rescue helps you choose a German Shepherd match for your lifestyle. Start with looking online for GSD rescues and local shelters. Dog Clubs Dog clubs are local and national. These groups put you into contact with registered breeders through their own programs. They can give you the name of the GSD club contact closest to you for breed contacts. Dog clubs also have dog shows open to the public. This is a good time to watch the breed in action and to ask around for quality breeders. While using a dog club to connect you with a reputable breeder is not the only choice, it is one of the more reliable. If you are using a breeder to choose your German Shepherd puppy, this section will help you know the good from the bad. Use these tips to stay safe. Are selling overpriced or under-priced dogs. Lie to you and say you can make money off your new puppy by breeding them, despite them having flaws. Tells you that the GSD is a dog for everyone, with no disadvantages. Breeds multiple types of dogs and claims to be an expert on them all. If a breeder lets their mothers get pregnant more than once a year, this affects the quality of the puppies, so ask how many litters the mother has. These breeders selling unhealthy puppies also will refuse to take bag their dogs if you need to return them for any reason and have no contracts. They have healthy puppies and will answer your questions and have you make multiple visits. Openly show you where the mother and pups spend their time, including their garden or yard. Tells you the up and downs of owning the breed. Have all pedigree and vet paperwork on hand for your review. Specializes in breeding only GSDs source. They openly share this information with you. They have screened their dogs for health issues and can confirm this with documentation which they proudly give you a copy. Healthy mothers are given rest from breeding, and a reputable breeder gives their mothers time off from reproduction. Ask if your breeder if they are willing to take back their dogs if you cannot keep them, as this is standard for a quality breeder with a good reputation. Make sure your breeder has a written contract with detailed information and health guarantees. These are expected for safe breeding practices. How to Buy a German Shepherd Puppy Following this guide gives you the best chance of buying a German Shepherd puppy that suits your lifestyle. Know what you want from your GSD and where to find quality dogs. Learn what to look for when buying a German Shepherd puppy to stay safe from a sick pup and a bad breeder. German Shepherds have their own unique set of challenges. They are a large, active, and intelligent breed that requires an understanding owner who is willing to train their GSD using positive techniques. Devote yourself to their overall health to see the best results and help give you and your dog a lifetime of happiness. Remember, your pup will need mental stimulation to keep their brain active , a gentle exercise program , and need daily love and affection. Buying a German Shepherd puppy is a choice for your whole life that will bring you many years of joy and excitement! Found this helpful? Share it! She has a Bachelor of Science degree, with Honors, and has been training dogs for over a decade. Related Posts. Check with local veterinarians' offices, animal shelters, pet supply stores, and other area pet business for referrals to dog rescue organizations in your area. Contact one local dog rescue group for referral to other area groups. Some dog rescue groups work with all dogs, while others are breed-specific. Most rescues groups have established networks with other area rescues. The organization's website also provides links to rescue organizations. Although the majority of dogs looking for new homes through rescue groups are adults, sometimes rescue groups have puppies to place. Most German Shepherds looking for homes through rescue groups do not have papers. If registering your puppy is important, or if you intend to enter it into competitions, you will need its title papers and health records, so a rescued dog may not be right for you. Many dog rescues will require a thorough application process in order to assure that you will be a good fit for the dog. Be prepared to disclose your address and whether you own your home, as well as your employment status and your philosophy when it comes to raising a dog. You will want to make sure that the dog's temperament works well with you and your family. Ask whether you can get the dog checked out by your veterinarian. You will want your vet to check the dog's general health and for serious conditions, such as heart murmurs. Be sure to ask about the dog's health while the rescue has had it and if it is up to date on shots and healthcare. A good rescue should actually offer this information upfront. Get a history of the dog's healthcare up to that point. Has it had its first vaccination, had heart worm treatment, and parasite control? These should have all been done before the age when a puppy is adoptable. While many rescue organizations cannot tell you much about the dogs they place, because the dogs have been rescued off the street or they have been given up anonymously, sometimes they have a bit of information. Get all the information you can about the dog's past so that you can assess their general background and health. Dog rescue organizations are usually run on a shoe-string budget. While they depend mostly on volunteers, they do need funds to transport and care for dogs. Your adoption fee will most likely help to pay for the rescue of other dogs in the future. May not even be aware of the breed standard. Breeds to any convenient dog. Strives towards the ideal. Often helps to define it. Does not need to promote establishment; sells to brokers, pet shops, etc. Often rescues only to attain more stock. Rarely attends shows or trials. Shows and trials to objectively test breeding stock. Often judges, provides seminars, writes articles, and willingly mentors serious Hobby Breeders. Knowledge Often pretends to know some. May share false or incomplete information. Studies continuously. Impacts the breed for many decades with knowledge of dogs over many generations. All pups sold have full breeding rights. Yes, and diligently follows up on progeny. Keeps up with health and temperament issues affecting the breeding and provides in-depth guarantees No need to; mostly supplies brokers and pet shops. Meets minimum standards as required by state law. May refuse to acknowledge most problems. Maintains a solid support system — accepts full responsibility for every puppy produced. Performs health testing for all breeding stock for genetic diseases affecting the particular breed. No interest, may offer papers as proof of quality. Papers alone are not proof of quality. No interest. May provide undocumented paperwork for appearances sake. Is unfamiliar with health testing usually statements of good health are stated to impress consumers. Intensive testing always a priority. Often initiates club sponsored seminars and clinics. Maintains records on all dogs in gene pool including progeny. Often supplies brokers and pet shops, records unavailable. Dogs and puppies are often auctioned off in lots, records unavailable. Focuses mostly on current dogs, no records or knowledge of genes. Attempts to continuously track every puppy produced. Bases entire breeding program on extensive gene pool data. Clean environment always maintained Minimum standards vary greatly in cleanliness. Minimum standards maintained for state inspections. Conditions may vary greatly depending on available income, usually makeshift accommodations. Clean, healthy and mentally stimulating environment. Expected longevity with any particular breed Will continue as long as the sales are coming. Depends on popularity of specific breeds. Unrealistic expectations — easily disillusioned. On a mission-plans to stay for the long haul. Health guarantee provided No, it cuts into profits. No health guarantee beyond proof of first set of vaccines, if that. Not qualified to give advice if a problem arises. Offers written guarantee and is available to answer questions to new owners. Good knowledge of history in dogs. Extensive knowledge of health history, offers replacements to owners of genetically affected dogs. Ability to meet the parents of the litter If available, may be in poor physical condition. If available, dogs are not used to contact with people. May or may not be well loved and cared for companions, often unwilling to show entire litter or parents to buyer. Shows friendly mother and entire litter in clean environment; stud dog too, if in residence. Helps buyer choose appropriate puppy. Can explain how breeding was planned to emphasize specific qualities and can speak at length about how puppies compare. What you can expect after purchase Nothing, may not be able to contact at all. No concern for dog after sale is final. Available for questions, and wants to keep in touch. Will take back dog or puppy at any time. After purchase will help with training and grooming, available for all questions and knows the answers. Price Priced according to market, but is marked up from original source for profit. Mid-range to move puppies quickly. High end of mid-range. Price will not reflect all that is invested. Use only physically sound, mature dogs of stable temperament for breeding. These characteristics are rarely, if ever, determined before the age of two for females. Continue to educate themselves regarding genetic diseases pertinent to the breed including, hip and elbow dysplasia. Documentation of hip and elbow screenings should be available to prospective puppy buyers. Apply the same high standards to outside bitches sent to their stud dogs as they apply to their own breeding stock. Temperament testing of a litter before puppies are offered for sale is encouraged. Take appropriate steps to have each puppy examined by a licensed veterinarian for general health prior to placement. Each puppy should be vaccinated and de-wormed by a veterinarian. Endeavor to gain personal knowledge of the temperament and health of every dog they breed, or to which they breed, in order to gather information on which to base future breeding decisions. They share this information fully and honestly with other breeders and with prospective buyers. Sell breeding prospects to knowledgeable, ethical and experienced persons or are willing to help educate and guide novices. Do not engage in misleading or untrue advertising and do not use GSDCA membership as a marketing tool. Do not sell, supply, donate or surrender any dog for which they are responsible to a pet shop, catalogue house, wholesale dealer in dogs, Humane Society or to a laboratory. They should have reasonable assurance that each individual receiving a dog will provide a home with appropriate shelter, restraint, control and responsible care. Encourage puppy buyers to go to puppy obedience classes to help their puppies to become better canine good citizens. The achievement of a Canine Good Citizen certificate should be encouraged. Since homeowners insurance and local laws vary greatly, a refusal to let you visit the kennels may not, in and of itself, be a bad sign. You should ask for and receive a satisfactory explanation. The puppies are not social or look sickly. How to read those ads. A few more things to look out for. Anyone can buy a puppy from a champion, but it does not mean that they have any other interest in the breed but to bank on the name and make money. Having a Champion in a pedigree is like having a billionaire relative. AKC registration does not guarantee quality. AKC papers are much like the title of a car; papers are issued to the junked Chevy on blocks in your yard just as easily as they are on a brand new, shiny Jaguar. AKC does not control breeding, approve litters, or guarantee temperaments. AKC Registration is automatic if you buy from a reputable breeder — they will provide all necessary paperwork when you buy a puppy. There are several groups that are registering dogs, even mixed breeds, for a fee. This registration means nothing, and is of no value to you. Are there too many defects for the animal to be bred? Shop with care. Rarely will a good breeder have the luck to own both dogs for the perfect litter. There are some good and very reasonable reasons to have both parents on site. However, you need to ask the right questions and understand why this is true. They might be, they might not. Are they too big to be cute anymore? Need more money? Is there a problem? Usually because there are more on the way. Be very wary of this one. Will a Breeder Ask Me Questions? Conscientious breeders want the best available home for their puppies. This determines the amount of time you will have available for your new addition. There are very important items that should be supplied by the breeder. Breeders will typically give you the following items: A signed pedigree A current Health Record; including de-wormings and vaccinations. American Kennel Club registration papers or application Sales contract. The type of contract varies and must be mutually agreeable to the breeder and buyer. Much depends on what you expect from the puppy show, pet, or performance. Feeding schedule including the type and amount of food. Copy of OFA certification of sire and dam, if available.

More than twice as many Labs were registered than any other breed making it a likely leader for many years to come. In a recent article, a licensed professional counselor for more than twenty-five years, explained how owning a Lab can help produce healthier, happier, more well adjusted children. Here is an excerpt from her article: The ten reasons that I am giving for children to have a dog are not listed in order of importance. All of us have different characteristics which we find more important than others. Every reason I list, however, is important to the childhood of your son or daughter. Dogs help children to be more cooperative and sharing. For children, a close relationship with a dog is a proven benefit in study after study. For instance, in research with preschool children, psychologists at Oregon State University found that teaching children to care for a puppy enhanced their social skills. Sue Doescher, a psychologist involved in the study. And that transfers to how other kids feel. Be sure to read the rest of her seven part article, Ten Reasons to Own a Dog. At Twin Lakes Kennel, we have been breeding and training world class Labrador retrievers for more than thirty-five years. Our second-to-none Puppy Guarantee makes buying a pure-bred Labrador retriever one of the wisest decisions you will ever make. Read the personal testimonials from prominent Lab owners from around the country. And visit our Puppy Page or call Woody or Judi for up-to-date puppy information at .Did you know… Indianapolis, Indiana was laid out on a wheel pattern following the design of Washington, D. The distance to the Indiana state capital is miles. Our Latest Happy Clients! Become A Happy Client! We have answers. The Indianapolis Labrador Retriever puppies for sale on our site come from a rich heritage of dogs that originate in Newfoundland. The Labrador breed was originally used as duck retrievers on hunts, and also on fishing boats. Can Uptown help? We partner with the best Indianapolis Labrador Retriever breeders, who have to meet our high standards before they can join our network. How is Uptown different from other places with Indianapolis Labrador Retrievers for sale? Are there any Labrador Retriever puppies for sale Indianapolis available now? There certainly will be! But be warned, they get reserved pretty quick. One of our main priorities is to make sure we only partner with the best breeders and businesses. Any partner on our site will be only too happy to provide all the information you need about your new pup. From all their health records, to their favorite foods, you can access all the info you need! Do you sell puppies from the cheapest Labrador Retriever breeders Indianapolis? Rather than focus on price, we pay more attention to a business's facilities, reputation, and breeding program. We know that raising healthy puppies takes time, dedication, and money! We are pro-shelter, and believe that every dog deserves to have a secure and loving home. Some families will suit a shelter dog, and others will prefer a Labrador Retriever for sale Indianapolis from one of our approved partners. It all comes down to choice, and only you can know what will suit your family best. Do you recommend specific food for a Labrador Retriever for sale in Indianapolis? But even so, each Lab will have their own likes and dislikes. Just watch their portion control, as Labradors can easily gain weight. Will a Indianapolis Labrador Retriever for sale make a good family dog? Labrador Retrievers have a well-deserved reputation as one of the best breeds as a family dog. How big do Labradors for sale Indianapolis get? Labradors are medium-sized dogs, with a muscular and stocky body. Males will stand from .Male Labradors weigh in at around 65 to 80 pounds, and females should be 55 to 70 pounds.

They have been breeding Pug pups for the last nine years. They breed, raise, and train Pug puppies on a regular basis. They are very dedicated to the puppies. The breeders are proud of what they do. Due to their devotion and hard effort, they are able to breed the highest quality Pug pups with a positive attitude. The outstanding compassion and care of the farm for the pups is absolutely amazing. Their friends and customers are delighted with their puppies. The puppies are all quite active. These puppies like being around humans. They find humans to be extremely attractive. All of the Pugs on their farm are treated as family members, and they expect the same of their puppies. Having a puppy or dog is a big responsibility. Their puppies will be placed in homes that they consider fit, and the company maintains the right to refuse any customer they think is not a good match for their puppies. For their puppies, the Wyopugs farm just wants the best. Their puppies will fit in nicely with your family. I am giving all of the contact information of the Wyopugs farm. If you want to learn more about the farm, you can reach out to them by email or phone. Male Pug Puppies are more expensive compared to females. You may be able to negotiate with the sellers to have the price lowered a bit. To reserve your dog, you must make a deposit of a certain amount. The Pug dog breed is well known for its sensitive intelligence. Pugs make excellent companions for those who have children or other pets. They can be quite energetic and thriving at your place and life. The Pugs are considered as a valued companion pet around America, these are some of the reasons why Pugs are so costly in Wyoming. You must do background checks on both the breeder and the puppies in order to identify a good breeder. Check to see if the breeders are American Kennel Club or AKC certified, as well as how they rear the puppies, what food and vaccinations they receive, and what testing they have through. Following this research, you will understand if the breeder is fit for you and can provide you with the dog you deserve. You will also find out whether the puppy has any genetic disorders. Hope it will be helpful for you to find your perfect pup for the family. If you want to adopt Pug Puppies, make sure the puppies do not have any genetic disorders and that the bloodline is pure. You can also do a DNA testing on them to confirm their origin. Do not be afraid to ask the breeders any questions about Pug Puppies. You should make sure to ask every question regarding the pup you want to have for your family before paying the deposit money to the breeders. Because of their herding skills puppies are quite popular. They are excellent companions. They have a high level of intelligence and are family friendly. They are also playful. They require just minor attention and great love. They are quite simple to train. They are also townhouses. Because of these characteristics, Pug puppies have been widely embraced in recent years. You will have less challenges for keeping a Pug pup at your house compared to other breeds. Brindle is a striping of alternate light and dark colors which is intentionally bred into the dog. This is the rarest of all the Pug colors. It can be identified with a very well planned breeding. People seem to believe you should consider yourself very lucky if you ever come across these colored Pug puppies. The costs of the first year are higher since you need to provide the pups with all of the essential materials, as well as vet checkups and medical care. Puppies without documents should not be purchased since they may not be purebred. So, before you go out and buy these pups, think again. You never want a mess at your home for sure! In Wyoming, there are some leash free dog parks where you can take your Pug pups for a walk or run. But make sure when you are out with your dogs, make sure they have collars with tags on them. Montana St. Dog Park, W. Purchasing pups from puppy mills and backyard breeders is not recommended, as backyard breeders may be inexperienced breeders, and puppy mill puppies may have horrible conditions, including poor genetics and diseases. It is possible that the puppies were never given a health check. To prevent them, you must have a thorough understanding of the breeders in your region. Attempt to adopt from the AKC registry. Why Not? The people who work at the rescue facilities try their best to help these dogs, but adopting puppies from rescue centers is discouraged since you never know about the bloodlines of the puppies or any genetic problems. It is possible that the puppies have never been tested. It is up to you whether or not you wish to adopt a puppy from a shelter. Attempt to adopt pups from breed-specific adoption facilities and shelters. Try to adopt puppies from breed-specific centers. We encourage you to support the law by adopting registered puppies. They are quite cute due to their charms, and they get along well with other dogs. With Pug Puppies, having another pet at home is never a problem. The dogs are in danger of heat stress, exercise intolerance, eye problems, dental disorders, skin infections, and spinal anomalies. A regular vet checkup is absolutely a good thing for any kind of pet. They require high-quality dog food and should be provided with fresh, clean water because of their high energy levels. Please let me know if this is the fact in the comments section below. Which of the above-mentioned breeders attracted you the most? Please tell us which size, age, and color of Pug pups you like in the comments section. Barbara Ogle. The best option is to still get pug puppies for sale from local breeders. Make a quick search and look for pugs for sale in your area. It is easy to do a legit check on local breeders. You can ask around if they are a reputable company. You can also visit their shelter and see how they raise their pug puppies firsthand. These local breeders take great effort to establish their reputation as well. They know that word of mouth spreads rapidly like wildfire. Bring a Vet. If you can, ask your trusted vet to tag along with you when you visit the pug puppies for sale. Pugs are susceptible to respiratory ailments. Request for a Medical Record. Doing this is the best quick test on how responsible a breeder is. A puppy should have complete shots within months after it was born. You can check how prompt the breeder is in making sure the pug puppy gets all the medical attention it needs. This also increases the chances of you receiving a healthy puppy. Pug Puppies for Sale Online Pet If the local supply has run out of pug puppies for sale they sell out fast as they are extremely in demand , we have prepared a list of reputable breeders you can get pug puppies from. Colorado Citizens for Canine Welfare — www. They advocate against breeders who practice unethical methods and they stand against puppy mills. This organization breeds dogs in the healthiest and safest conditions. They do meticulous work of selecting which parents the pug goes to when they have pug puppies for sale. They expect the buyers to commit a long-time to own pugs, even a lifetime. Be sure to express your desire to make the dogs a part of your family for as long as you can and you will have a greater chance of being approved to buy a pug from their place. Adopt a Pet — www. You can go and check their Colorado listings for adoption and pugs for sale posts or visit their Colorado office to inquire about the adoption process and to know more about the pugs that are up for adoption. This organization has a keen process of releasing puppies so be ready to spend some time going through their assessments. Your patience will be rewarded when they allow you to adopt pugs that are at their optimal health, well-fed, well-bred, and well-groomed! Pet Ranch — petranchthornton. Their office is available from Monday to Sunday. Just make sure to call ahead to confirm their hours of operation. They have pugs for sale posts regularly. The staff will discuss and explain all the details that pertain to the pug you are looking to buy. They will talk about the pug breed, their personality and temperament, and behavior. They will also provide information on how to take good care of them including basic training, feeding habits, and other relevant information. They will not release the pug unless it is complete with vaccine shots and has undergone deworming. Pikes Peak Pugs — pikespeakpugs. Pike Peak Pugs are known for their meticulous handling of every pug and pug puppies they have. Whether as a puppy or as an adult pug, they give their full attention to their furry friends. Every prospective buyer undergoes strict assessment to ensure they are committed to not only own a pug but also treating them as humane as possible. This deposit is to make sure you get the pug you intend on buying. They put a pug puppy for sale only if it has reached the fourth or fifth-week mark after birth. Once the pug puppies are released, they will give the puppy to you in a gift bag with basic puppy goodies to help you get started. It comes with a dish for the foot, collar, food, blanket, toys, and a nice touch of a framed picture. Once you have the dog, you are guaranteed a four-week return policy. They also give a one-year health guarantee to help owners become more confident in their desire to add a puppy to their home. The only downside to getting puppies from them is that they do not register the puppies. However, they will show pictures of the parents or you can arrange a meeting with the parents if you decide on visiting the site. Conclusion Are you now ready to get your hands on Pug Puppies for sale in Colorado Springs and nearby areas? These are all great places to begin your search for the best pugs for sale in your area. You can visit their website, give them a quick call, or visit their shelter or shops. A pug dog has been proven a great companion throughout history. It is our wish you can have a great and meaningful history with yours as you explore Colorado Springs! Here are some of the other topics we have created to help you search pugs for sale by location. Our staff are avid fans and dedicated owners of Pugs. We hope to answer all the questions you have about Pugs. Just read and enjoy. Feel free to share if you find it valuable to others! Best regards, Raised in our home environment with everyday socialization. Our professional knowledge and training skills give our breeding program for our puppies, a great edge that you will find hard to see elsewhere. Sharing Because you Need One of these Babies!! Other Financing avialable is Paypal Credit - Affordable financing options for customers with good to no credit. We invested 34 years and a life time or research into developing a healthy and stable companion for your whole family. Our Spacious home and land in Kansas allow us to train and socialize the puppies every day. Our family raises our puppies in our home underfoot and around our children giving them the best start in life with great temperaments. Now that we had to downsize we trusted only our Family to continue our legacy, even though we all breed just a couple litters a year, All the orginal wonderfull DNA Genetic lines are all from Jenina. Even our Adult Children, hardly children in there 30's lol. .Raise these amazing dogs We only offer Pick up here or Breeder delivery by us the breeders only. We Do all use this ONE Website to make it easier for you to find just the right pup and saves all of us time and money so we can spend more of that on our dogs. Each pup and Parent will be listed to the owner so you know exactly who to contact. Jenina welcomes any questions since she has owned many many generations of each of these parents. Hello, Thank you for taking a moment to learn about us. I have been in the pet industry for over 33 years I have a degree in Vet. We take pride in offering the best family pets of Chihuahua's, Pugs. We are dedicated to serving the needs of our puppy's future parents each and every day. We only do a few litters per year so we do take lists because we are about Quaity not mass production. We all strive to bring you the healthiest, well rounded puppy's. We look forward to helping you to choose one of our baby's to make, your new family member. We also have a Lifetime take back guarantee! Started potty training and leash training! Raised in our home with our children and other pets. Proven Health lines and Good Genetic lines. They are raised in our home with our children. Please call with any questions no question to small. They are Wonderful dogs!!! We Start exposing our pups to grooming at a very early age so they will love baths their whole lives. Thank you for taking the time to contact us and read all about our family Jenina , Shelby, Alex, Troy, Jammie We are always taking Continuing Education courses for all aspects of animals and their husbandry. We give our puppies the most comprehensive preventive vaccination and de-worming schedule in the nation. We have the guidance of two veterinarians, as well as some of the best canine specialist in the country, and our preventive schedule also extends to our adults. We have not, to date, had to treat any of our animals for any communicable diseases, and we constantly strive to control our disease exposure. We take the health of our adult dogs and puppies very seriously so you can confidently bring your new puppy into your home without worry. We never allow any visitors into our home, because we provide a strictly controlled disease free area. We always Microchip our pups with AKC reunite world readable chips. Once you recieve your pups you will be able to register them to you and put in your information. If your dog gets out or stolen and you dont have it registred it will not help. These tags are amazing your pet with have all their vet records the shots and wormings with all theri birth date and other info. Best part if your pet gets out and someone scans the tag you will get an instant alert to where you pet was just scanned , Like low jack for your pet lol. .Microchips work well but keep in mind only ones who can read it is shelters or vets, the average person who may find your pet doesnt carry a scanner this way no matter who finds them people can use their cell phone to scan the tag and get your phone number to call you and say "Hey i just found your beloved pet! Just let us know before you get your puppy that you want this option. We strive for a better,safer life for your loved ones! We do ALL the shots that are needed not the "hey my pup got one shot.Call around ask how much all the vet visits and shots and testing would be. That less expensive pup would cost to get up to the par of one of our babies end up costing much more in the long run. We feed vitamins and premium NON-by product food. Why does this matter? We breed to the standard of that breed , So when you want that breed to suit you , you know you will get that eact breed disposition. You know your puppy will be exactly what the breed temperament AKC says it should be, pups will be held daily from birth, and raised in our home around everyday sounds and children they will be happy health and confident. If you picked a pug or chihuahua for their traits you know those are the traits you will get, because our dogs are pure to that breed and not raised in an old garage or basement old yard somewhere. Ask past owners, we do a lot to start your pet on a potty training routine. We start on wee pads then to puppy litter then outside. Many past owners are shocked how well our pups take to their own personal potty training schedule. Endless years of love and companionship without massive vet or Trainer bills to fix problems makes your puppy priceless!! Any pet that is bred to be smaller than standard size for its breed, parents still should be health tested and sound before ever breeding. Even a wonderful breeder who breeds to stay within the AKC standards, will always have a few puppies every so often who are Smaller or Larger than expected. Even with careful breeding, God has the final say. That cares about preserving great quality genetics and temperaments and well-bred pets for years to come. We remove them from the site hold them for you and tell others they are sold. No Exceptions unless pet is found unsound before going home. Links below is how to have them come straight to your door! With these products we believe in quality food and vitamins so much that we do extend our pups health guarantee with the use of these products! Why Is My Dog Shaking? Dogs are known for their loyalty and companionship, but when they start shaking, it can be a cause for concern for pet owners. Shaking in dogs can be a sign of various issues, from dog anxiety and dog fear to dog medical conditions. In this blog post, we will explore the common causes of a dog shaking and what pet owners can do to identify and treat the problem. We will also offer tips for preventing dog shaking and ensuring.By doing regular grooming at home, you can help your dog look its best between visits to the groomer. You also get to bond more closely and build stronger trust with your dog. Routine grooming sessions will keep your dog clean and feeling fresh, but it will also.Their personality is lively, their nature fun-loving, and their disposition affectionate. As even-tempered, sweet, and playful dogs, Pugs make wonderful playmates for kids of all ages and lovely companion pets for couples, singles, and seniors. These little joy bringers love to cuddle and are generous with their Pug love. When it comes to their family, Pugs attach like magnets. They are known to happily shadow their humans in every activity and are just as happy lazing on the couch all day as they are going for a long evening stroll around the neighborhood.

Controls Population Experts believe that a Labrador should be spayed between the age of 9 and 15 months. You should never rush the process and spay your pooch too early because it can lead to many health problems. Similarly, leaving your dog intact for too long can give way to several complications. Once a female Lab has gone through her first heat, she becomes highly vulnerable to these tumors. Spaying your Labrador puppy is a major surgery and will require substantial aftercare. The vet will give you detailed instructions, and you must follow them strictly to ensure a smooth recovery. A Labrador puppy that has undergone spaying might be completely inactive for the first days. After that, they might start to move around but the wound will need a rest of several weeks to heal completely. During this period, the owners should be extremely vigilant and make sure that their pooch stays safe. Labs are known for being curious and can get themselves into trouble if you are not super alert. Different breeds require different amounts of sleep, but how much sleep do Labradors need? Click here to learn more. Yes, it does. The behavioral issues of the dog are one of the primary reasons why owners decide to spay their Labradors. If your pup is showing aggression and indulging in inappropriate urination, spaying can be quite helpful in solving the problem. Although male Labs are more likely to exhibit this behavior, some female Labs can also create these issues. Other Benefits of Spaying Labradors Managing behavioral issues is not the only objective of spaying Labradors. It can also solve some other issues that can be quite troublesome for the dog and owner. The following are a couple of other reasons that can urge you to spay your Labrador. Reduces Health Risks Many experts regard spaying as an effective remedy to maintain the good health of your pup. Not only will it keep your dog healthy, but it can also increase the lifespan of your Labrador. According to an estimate , spaying can increase the lifespan of male Labs by .Spaying reduces the risk of several types of cancers, like testicular, mammary, and uterine cancers. Similarly, it reduces the probability of many dangerous medical conditions, like Pyometra. This life-threatening uterine infection is specific to Labs and can be quite uncomfortable for your canine friend. A female Labrador can have up to 70 puppies during their lifetime. A female Lab can have up to 12 pups in a litter. This means that taking care of newborn puppies and their mother can be an extremely challenging task. Even if you are planning to have some puppies, you should make a proper plan with your vet and stick to it. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Please note: We are not veterinarians and you use our advice at your own discretion. We always recommend that you consult your veterinarian whenever you have health-related conditions your furbaby is facing. With that in mind, as pet parents ourselves, we wish nothing but the best for your pet and their healthy and happy lives. I have a 4. My veterinarian is pressing me to spay the dog. I am going to spay her, but I've read conflicting things about age. Some say to let the dog go thru the first heat, vet says going thru heat ups her chance of mammary cancer. Vet is saying to do the spaying at 6 months old. The dog's breeder says that is much too young I am inclined to listen to her. She said her dogs dont go thru heat until months. So should I wait and do it around 11 months so that she doesnt go thru heat, but that its much later not at 6 months! Or are most people just letting the dog go thru a heat first? Here's my problem. My husband didnt really want the dog. He's head over heels for her now, of course. I've never had a female dog before. He has had a few as a child and he had a female dog when we first met and she died a few years ago. So he considers himself an "expert" in the area of girl dogs and reminds me of that constantly. If the mess from going thru heat is awful I will have to listen to him talk about how he was right and I was wrong for a month. Of course I want to do whats best for my dog too. I HAVE to get the dog spayed. I dont have a fenced in yard. I've never taken care of a dog in heat before. My last lab was a male and I had him neutered at 6 months old. That was back in .I know that advice has changed since then and now I am reading that spaying too early can lead to joint problems and all that bad stuff. Is it pretty true that you can look at your dogs lineage and take the ages of first heat off her relatives and come up with a timeframe for your dog? If all this breeders dogs didnt go into heat until 12 months, what are the chances that mine will go thru heat at 6 months? I obviously have time to think about this. I am going to cancel the appointment I made to have it done at 6 months and wait longer, I'm just not sure how much longer to wait. By Tom Massey Dec 09, When you become the owner of a puppy, there are several things you should do to encourage its overall wellness, like making sure it gets plenty of exercise, feeding it high-quality food, attending frequent vet checkups, and scheduling a spay or neuter appointment at the appropriate age. Spaying or neutering your lab—or having a gonadectomy performed—is one of the best ways that you can ensure a happy and healthy life with your puppy. This procedure has proven to help reduce major health risks like cancer, eliminate unwanted pregnancy, and even assist with undesired behaviors in males. Spaying, or ovariohysterectomy, is a procedure specific to females that refers to removing her reproductive organs, including her ovaries and uterus. Neutering, or orchiectomy, is the procedure specific to males that refers to removing both testicles so that he is unable to reproduce anymore. Neutering helps control reproductive urges and suppress unwanted behaviors like aggression. Some veterinarians believe that six months old is a good time to spay or neuter, but one study found that doing so this early could increase the likeliness of joint disorders and certain cancers in adulthood. This is typically when he or she is more than 45 pounds and between 9 to 15 months old. Before you set the appointment, be sure to speak with your vet about the right time for your puppy based on its health, gender, and size. Benefits to Spaying or Neutering There are several health benefits to spaying or neutering your Labrador puppy. But even if you plan on keeping a litter or two, females can have up to 12 puppies per litter—so it can get hectic and expensive keeping up with all of their behaviors, attention needs, and health requirements. This is to help prevent overpopulation, unsafe breeding practices, and unwanted puppies in the future. Benefit 2: Reduces Health Risks Did you know that getting your Labrador spayed or neutered increases its longevity? Pyometra is one of the most prevalent, potentially life-threatening uterine infections that are specific to labs. The good news is that spaying or neutering ultimately reduces the risk of contracting this infection! Males will also have a decreased risk for testicular cancer, and females are less likely to get mammary, uterine, ovarian, or cervical tumors. Benefit 3: Assists with Behavior Issues When a male lab enters adulthood, he might begin exhibiting some unwanted behaviors that come with puberty, such as: Mounting Urine marking Aggression towards other dogs and human family members Neutering is the most effective way to reduce these habits. Additionally, females will stop going into heat throughout the year, which will eliminate howling and bleeding during her reproductive seasons. Conclusion Spaying or neutering is one of the most common pet surgeries in the world. Not only does it help reduce unwanted pregnancies, but it also has been proven to aid with behavioral issues and lesson significant health risks well into adulthood. The best time to spay or neuter your lab would be once it hits puberty, which is usually between 9 and 15 months old. At Snowy Pines, all puppies are treated like family—so that they are ready to join yours the day you take them home. Contact Snowy Pines today! Share on. When should I neuter my dog? This traditionally involved an operation to remove the testicles in a male dog or the uterus and ovaries in a female dog. Spaying in the traditional manner is a major surgical procedure. Nowadays there are more options available to us than in years gone by. Female dogs can be spayed using a laproscopic procedure which enables the uterus to be left intact and which is a less invasive method than the traditional. Attitudes towards neutering are changing in the light of recent research and opinions vary widely from one country to another. Neutering in different countries In some countries most dogs are neutered at a very early age and you are considered totally irresponsible if you fail to neuter your dog. Neutering is routinely practised in some parts of the world, Australia for example, and the USA where a widespread spay and neuter campaign has been in operation for some decades In some regions, neutering your pets is obligatory. In Los Angeles County for example, most dogs and cats are required to be sterilised before they are four months old! At the other end of the scale in some countries, neutering is considered offensive. In Norway for example, it is considered unacceptable to neuter a dog without valid medical reasons, and birth control is not one of them. Over in the UK neutering is not universally practised. And though many Labradors are neutered, many are also left entire. In our modern digital world where it is easy to talk to people from all over the world, these differences can cause confusion and even argument. Neutering vs leaving entire There are now groups on Facebook set up to oppose the routine neutering of dogs, and strong feelings about neutering from both sides of the argument. In fact there is no need for argument. This should really be a fact based issue. And facts are what you will find on this page and in the resources I link to. Why Neuter Your Dog? There are lots of reasons why people neuter their dogs, and those reasons are based on beliefs that people hold about the outcome of neutering and how it will affect their dog. In general, apart from birth control, people tend to neuter male dogs for behavioral reasons, and to neuter female dogs for reasons of convenience Birth control Some people think that it is their duty to neuter their dog in order to prevent more puppies being brought into the world. In practical terms, there are other simple ways to ensure that dogs do not reproduce during their lifetimes for those that choose not to neuter. But there is no doubt that neutering is a complete and permanent way to avoid your dog producing any offspring. Does Neutering Change Behavior? Many people for example think that neutering will calm their male Labrador down. Some think it will stop him humping things. This is not necessarily the case. Others think that male dogs will become aggressive if not neutered. Many top pet websites still promote this idea. But along with some other assumptions about neutering, it is now known to be incorrect. In fact recent studies found more behavioral problems in neutered dogs than in entire ones. The truth is, that behavioural effects vary and are not what we once believed. But in short, the evidence now point to behavioral problems being more common in neutered dogs, not the other way around. For these reasons, many people will choose to neuter a female dog so that she never comes into season again Neutering for health Neutering female dogs confers a couple of important health benefits. Including protection from mammary cancer if carried out early, and protection from pyometra. Unfortunately, we now know that neutering also comes packaged with some serious health risks. In male dogs, these health risks to neutering almost certainly outweigh any health benefits. In females, balancing these up is not easy. Getting at the facts — an objective view The truth is, that there are both benefits and disadvantages to neutering, and we look at each of these in more detail in our articles on male and female dogs. Recent research has highlighted some serious long term health risks to neutering including increased risks of cancer, dementia, and some common joint problems. And you need to know about these. Some of the reasons people neuter their dogs, are based on beliefs that are not supported by evidence. And some of the reasons that people neuter their dogs, could be better achieved by other means. Most information about neutering seems to be presented from one angle or the other. What we have tried to do here, is to present the information about neutering in a factual and objective way, so that you can decide for yourself what is best for your family and your dog. Different methods of neutering In the past, neutering was always a surgical procedure. Nowadays there are a few more options available to us than there used to be Castrating male dogs Traditionally, male dogs were neutered by a small and simple surgical procedure during which the testicles are removed through a small incision in the scrotum. This is still a common procedure. Recovery time is quite rapid and the dog becomes infertile within a couple of months as no more sperm are produced. Apart from infertility, the effects of surgical castration can be variable depending on the dog, that too is covered in the link above Chemical castration Chemical castration is an option now available to pet owners in some regions. Chemical castration does not have exactly the same effects as surgical castration, there is some testosterone remaining for example, but it gives you some idea of how permanent castration might affect your dog. Some people might find it helpful to have a trial run of castrating their dog using the chemical option before going for a permanent solution Like surgical castration the affects can be variable. There are also some possible side effects to chemical castration which you will need to discuss with your vet. These may vary from dog to dog and are most likely to occur during the first few days after the injection. Spaying a female dog Traditional methods of spaying female dogs involve major abdominal surgery. Recovery time is at least two week. There is however, now an alternative Laparoscopic spay With a laparoscopic spay, two tiny incisions are made and only the ovaries are removed. The laparoscopic spay is a much simpler procedure. The effects of neutering in dogs Apart from rendering your dog infertile, neutering or de-sexing, has other effects. Differences in physical appearance between neutered and un-neutered dogs will depend on the age at which the dog was neutered Neutered dogs look different A neutered male will have no testicles, which can be very apparent in shortcoated dogs. These are known as neuticles! A male dog neutered before he reaches sexual maturity will look less masculine than an entire adult dog. Dogs of both sexes will usually grow a little taller than they would have done if they had not been neutered. And female dogs neutered later in life may develop a rather coarse, scruffy coat. However, most of the changes that result from neutering are less obvious. They involve the behavior and long term health of your dog. Behavioral changes after neutering Changes in behavior after neutering are not always predictable. What people think will happen to their dog, is not always what happens at all. Especially where dogs are neutered later in life. The behavioral changes of neutering neutering a male dog are limited. Although roaming behavior can be. The Risks Some people are surprised to discover that there are risks to neutering a dog. Risks that go beyond the basic risk of surgery and anesthesia. In several breeds of dog these risks have been shown to include an increased rate of certain cancers. And an increased susceptibility to some serious joint problems. Life is more complicated than that. This leaves owners in something of a dilemma. Especially if their veterinary professional is not up to date with the latest research or has formed different conclusions as to its implications. Therefore you will need to weigh up the pros and cons carefully and consider the evidence available. Deciding whether or not to neuter your dog For many people, there is no doubt that a neutered pet is simply more convenient. If you need to go out to work and your dog needs a place in doggy day care, he may need to be neutered. Many day care centres simply will not accept an entire dog. Caring for some females in season can be a somewhat messy business. And not being able to take your dog out for several weeks can be annoying. And these exist for both male and female dogs. There are also some health benefits to neutering a female dog. These are clearly explained in the articles linked to in this article. The important thing is to make an active choice based on information. My personal view is that neutering a dog for convenience is the right decision for some families. But I do think it is important that you are aware that this is what you are doing. I increasingly meet dog owners that have had their pets neutered purely for health reasons. Or to prevent their male dog becoming aggressive. Only to find out that this was not only unnecessary, but may actually have disadvantaged their dog. This is very upsetting to discover after irreversible surgery has taken place When to Neuter a Labrador If you decide to have your pet neutered, you will also need to decide what is the right age to have the procedure carried out. In the USA there is a tendency to carry out pediatric neutering neutering before sexual maturity. In the UK, vets normally recommend that female dogs are allowed to have one season before being spayed to allow her to mature physically. The advantages of pediatric neutering are from a birth control standpoint. There are no advantages to the individual dog to be neutered at less than six months old. And there is some evidence that the health risks of neutering will be exacerbated by neutering your Labrador at a very early age. Remember, unless you are required by law to neuter your pet by the time he is a few months old, it is your decision to make. If you decide to delay neutering, or even put it off altogether, you will need to take responsibility. Ensuring that no unwanted puppies are brought into the world. Do talk to your veterinarian about any concerns you may have. A good vet will not simply state that all dogs should be neutered but should be aware of the latest research. They will also prepared to discuss this with you and help you come to best decision for your family. Just drop your address into the box below. The risks of spaying your dog. How common is mammary cancer in dogs On the face of it, the incidence of mammary tumors in unspayed female dogs appears to be worryingly high. And about half of these tumors will be malignant. What does spaying achieve? In other words, if you wait until after the second season, it is too late to reduce the risk of mammary tumors. These two sets of figures have been widely quoted for several years When looking at statistics they are of course often not as straightforward as they seem. A review was published in looked thirteen separate reports on the association between neutering and mammary tumors. Nine of these reports were considered to have a high risk of bias. The remaining four studies had a moderate risk of bias. One of the studies found an association between neutering and reduced risk of tumors. Two of the studies found no association. A further study presented no numbers. Due to the high risk of bias and the weak evidence, the systematic review concluded that the evidence for the efficacy of spaying as a protection against mammary tumors is weak. What does this mean? It is probably fair to say however, that most vets still support neutering and see it as a helpful way to reduce the risk of mammary tumors. Other factors involved in mammary tumors Differences in susceptibility to cancer may vary from breed to breed, between large dogs and small, between purebred and crossbred dogs and depending on environmental influences. One study showed that unspayed female dogs who were thin as puppies had half the risk of developing mammary tumors as those that were not thin as puppies. Some studies are carried out on a very small number of subjects, and some come to different conclusions than others. Just as in humans, there appears to be a genetic element in the risk factors for canine mammary tumors. If siblings of your dog or her mother, have developed mammary tumors, then your female dog is at greater risk. This genetic component is presumably why pedigree dogs are also at increased risk. Spaying Your Dog vs Pyometra Pyometra is a very nasty infection of the uterus or womb. It tends to occur in older female dogs a few weeks after the end of their season. When a female dog contracts pyometra, pus builds up inside the uterus which is stretchy, and becomes more and more swollen. The female dog may even start to look pregnant. If the cervix, or entrance to the uterus, remains closed, the disease may go undetected until the infection is so advanced that the dog cannot be saved. If you are lucky, your dog will have a discharge and the infection will be detected before it kills her. Pyometra is undoubtedly painful, but dogs, like many other animals, tend to hide pain a survival mechanism until it becomes unbearable. It is a fact that Pyometra kills dogs. Pyometra is an often silent and deadly killer, but most importantly its prevalence is widely understated. People worry a great deal about mammary cancer, but unless she is a cancer prone breed, your female dog is probably far more at risk from pyometra. With every season she goes through and for every year that goes by, the risk to your female dog increases. The standard treatment for pyometra is an emergency spay. This is a far more risky, and much more expensive, operation than a standard routine spay for your dog The Benefits of Spaying your Dog? The evidence to suggest that spaying your female dog early in life before her second season will protect her from mammary tumors is weak. More research is needed to confirm this. Spaying later in life may be less likely to confer protection, than spaying at a very early age. Spaying at any age offers your dog almost complete protection against pyometra afterwards. Detecting this horrid disease is often very difficult and the evidence suggests that as your female dog becomes elderly she is more likely to get it than not. But what is clear from recent studies, is that there are risks as well as benefits, to spaying your female dog. The Disadvantages of Spaying your Dog? Before you whisk your female dog down to the vet, we need to look now at the other side of the coin. Some research has shown that spaying may in some respects, be disadvantageous to your dogs health. Studies have shown increased risk in joint problems, urinary incontinence and in several other types of cancer in female dogs that have been spayed, compared with female dogs that have been left intact. This is obviously something we need to consider before booking our female dogs in for a spay. Spaying your Dog risks Urinary Incontinence. A recent systematic review has looked at the increased risk of incontinence in the female dog after spaying. Seven studies were identified of which four were at high risk of bias. The review concluded that there was some weak evidence to suggest that spaying may be associated with increased risk of urinary incontinence. Especially if carried out before three months old. Urinary incontinence in spayed female dogs may be treatable with hormone replacement. Much more worrying is the recent research into the association between neutering and the risk of certain cancers. Cancer Risks of Spaying your Dog. Some studies have shown that spayed female dogs, whilst less at risk from mammary cancer, are more at risk from some other cancers. A study on golden retrievers in showed an increase in risk of two different types of tumor in female dogs that were spayed later in life, compared with those that were left intact. It also showed a significant increase in CCL cruciate ligament tears in female dogs spayed early in life. A study on Hungarian Vizslas over two thousand of them showed a significant increased risk of several types on cancer in female dogs that had been spayed, compared with those that had not. These risks from other types of cancer, may balance out the advantages of a reduction in mammary cancer through spaying. If indeed there is one. Joint problems in Spayed Dogs Sex hormones are involved in growth, and in slowing the growth of an animal as it reaches puberty. Dogs that are neutered before sexual maturity grow longer leg bones. This alters the angle of the joint and may be the reason that studies have shown an increase in serious joint problems in female dogs that have been spayed. This is important, not only for working dogs, but for pet dogs too. CCL tears involve expensive surgery and long periods of inactivity and crate rest. Spayed Dogs Coat Condition and Temperament Last but not least, your spayed female dog is also likely to experience permanent changes in coat condition. This is unacceptable to those who are showing their dogs. There is also a perception that the female dog who is spayed very young may develop mentally in a different way from the entire female dog Perhaps altering her drive and potential in competitive fieldwork, though I could not find any concrete evidence for this. Nor is such evidence is likely to be forthcoming as gundogs do not complete their training before their second heat. Should I Spay My Dog? Because the competitive dog does not reach or show her full potential until after the optimum time for spaying. Selecting which female dogs to spay and which female dogs to breed from is problematical for owners of working or competition Labradors. Especially with the increased risk in joint problems being a factor. For pet dog owners, the situation is also still far from clear. The possibility of reduced risk of mammary cancers in intact female dogs may be outweighed by the risks of other cancers in spayed female dogs. The situation with regard to pyometra is an important consideration. If you leave your female dog unspayed throughout her life, she may well develop pyometra. For that reason alone, some owners will chose to spay their female dog at some point. The evidence for the benefits of spaying for the pet dog is incomplete. We have made several changes to this article since it was originally published. Do please let us know if you think this article needs updating again with new research. Further reading. When the best time to spay or neuter your puppy can be a tricky decision, complicated by new research, old veterinary traditions and recommendations, and your own personal situation. For these reasons, we at Eromit do not require you to spay or neuter your puppy at any particular age but do make strong recommendations based on our experience and study of the subject. There are also incentives offered for following these recommendations although as long as the puppy is not allowed to breed, we do offer the new owners leeway in making the decision. Here are some of the factors you want to consider: Preventing Accidental Litters— This does need to be a major consideration. We know that none of our puppy owners want to have their dog bred indiscriminately and contribute to the scores of mixed breed or unplanned puppies that are born each year. The main deterrent for most people however, is that no one wants to be responsible for many unplanned puppies for their entire life if it can be avoided. Owners of female puppies should consider that Labs can come into season as early as 6 months of age although months is more common in our line and that strict containment is required for 30 days from the start of the heat cycle. This means- no boarding kennels, no visits to the dog park, no unsupervised time in your own backyard since stray males are extremely motivated and able to break in! Owners of male dogs should consider the lure of intact females in the neighborhood and how that will affect their ability to be contained or controlled. Plan ahead so that you know what you will do when your puppy comes into season. Containing your dog and preventing a breeding can be done rather easily if you are prepared we do it here all the time, ask for tips if you need them! Health Considerations — When you talk to your vet, most will cite two main advantages to having your dog spayed or neutered at a young age. These are: 1 the prevention of mammary cancer in female dogs and 2 the prevention of prostate cancer and testicular cancer in male dogs. Both of these are true although to a much lower degree than you might realize. A dog who is spayed after her first heat cycle has double the risk of mammary cancer from a dog who is spayed before her heat cycle. What is often not mentioned is that the risk goes from 0. New studies coming out show many benefits to waiting until your dog is completely done growing in order to spay or neuter them. On a logical level, this makes sense because we all know that sex hormones are removed during spay or neuter surgeries, and that sex hormones are involved in the normal maturation process of any animal. For example, what makes a young human boy look and act like an adult man? Puberty- which requires testosterone! Newer studies are showing that dogs who are spayed or neutered before maturity are more at risk of bone and heart cancer, ruptured cruciate ligaments a serious debilitating knee injury that is very expensive to fix , hip dysplasia, allergies, and much more. At the bottom of this page are links so that you can see these studies for yourself — PLEASE read them and print them off to discuss further with your vet. From a performance perspective, you definitely do not want to spay or neuter your pet before they are done growing. Dogs who are altered too soon will grow longer and more disproportionately than if they were left intact. This altered growth pattern is precisely what contributes to the increase bone and joint problems and makes for a less physically stable dog and often noticeably taller, especially in the rear end than he was genetically programmed to be. Behavior and Training— Many sources will indicate that in order to remove the possibility of behavior problems like marking, humping, or aggressive behaviors, you should have your puppy neutered or spayed at a young age. Again, new research is proving this old wives tail to be false. You can teach an intact male to be polite and clean in the house as easily as any other type of dog. You can socialize your intact male or female to play politely or ignore other dogs of the same or opposite sex. Humping is as much a play behavior as a sexual behavior and you can teach your dog other ways to interact with people, toys, and other animals. If you want to see real life examples of this, you need only to meet our dogs, intact males and females interacting which each other and our older retired spayed females. Practical Reasons— If you travel a lot, such that your dog must board in the care of others; or if you utilize services like dog walkers, doggy daycare, etc, if there are other intact opposite gender dogs in your household or an abundance of stray dogs in your area- those are major reasons why you should consider spaying or neutering your dog. However, we still urge you to wait until AFTER your dog is physically mature to do this, which may mean that you need to consider alternate boarding or care arrangements until sterilization is complete. Links for further reading. These varying opinions are a result of the many different reasons you should fix a male dog and a female dog. Some reasons can be to best care for the health of your dog while other reasons for fixing could be to eliminate risk of having an accidental mating resulting in unwanted puppies who may end up in shelters or homes where they are not cared for properly. There are different reasons to spay and neuter a Labrador if you are considering health first. However, fixing your dog at the wrong time could increase the risk of many health issues for your Labrador that could otherwise be avoided. First off you will want to keep your Lab away from other dogs who you do not know if they are fixed or not. Female dogs emit a strong scent that males can smell from miles away. So if your female is not yet fixed be sure to keep her inside or on a leash and supervised while outside. All it takes is thirty seconds of her not being watched and suddenly you could have an intact male jump your fence or dig under resulting in a lock between the two. So having your dog neutered early and spayed early is important to do your part to keep the unwanted pet population down. However, it is important that the females are spayed earlier than the males for health reasons. It is generally accepted practice to spay the female Lab early, and by early I mean before their first heat. It is also accepted that male Labs be neutered a little bit later once they are fully grown. The recommendation is to spay before their first heat which helps eliminates unwanted dogs in shelters AND eliminates some big cancer and other medical risks for her. However, spaying your female this early could contribute to joint issues such as hip dysplasia because their hormones are being altered before they are fully grown. One problem that arises if she is not spayed prior to her first heat is the risk of Pyometra. In intact females the effect of sex hormones can result in over stimulation of cells in the uterus which eventually may result in a severe E coli infection and a pus infection in the uterus. Signs of Pyometra can include lethargy, increased thirst, increased urination, not eating, a foul odor coming from their behind, draining of Pus from the vulva, excess licking of the vulva, collapse or fever related to signs of shock. If you observe any of these symptoms in your Lab after her heat cycle take her to the Vet right away as Pyometra could result in death for her if her uterus ruptures and causes a severe infection bacterial infection in the blood stream and abdomen. Other issues that present themselves if you leave your female Labrador to have a heat while in tact are cancer related. On average a female Lab will have her first heat around six months of age so spaying her in advance of this will help avoid most issues related to cancer such as mammary tumors. The statistic available at the time of writing this is that Labradors who are spayed prior to their first heat only have a 0. Risks for other cancers such as uterine also decrease when they are spayed prior to their first heat. It is important to point out that not all mammary tumors are cancerous and actually most of them are not cancerous, but there is no reason to encourage these tumors simply because they are not cancerous. The down side to spaying before your girl is fully grown is that her hormonal balance will be altered. In order for her to grow naturally she needs the hormones available to her naturally. Altering this natural balance could result in development problems with her joints and result in hip dysplasia or other joint issues or tendon ruptures. The same study goes on to identify that hemangiosarcoma cases in late-spayed females was 4 times more than females spayed early. One final point to mention is that spayed females may also develop a weakened bladder known as spay incontinence or urinary incontinence. So, to sum this all up for female Labradors, at present it appears that fixing them early can greatly reduce the risk of certain types of cancer while increasing the risk of joint-related problems. So how do you decide? We recommend becoming as informed as possible, consulting with your Veterinarian, and then prioritizing your reasons for spaying. On the male Labrador side, if you neuter your pet you can still have a happy pet and often more healthy! Generally you neuter a male after they are fully grown because they require their hormones to thicken up and develop as a male dog would normally. Fully grown is at different times for different breeds of dogs. Generally the larger your dog is the longer it takes them to mature. Large breeds could take up to two years to fully grow and medium breeds are closer to one year. Neutering your Lab will also pretty much eliminate the risk of prostate disease including cysts, abscesses and prostate enlargement. Perineal hernias can also be mostly avoided as they are primarily seen in intact males. A Perineal hernia is when organs from the belly slip through the weakened muscles of the pelvis resulting in a bulge on one or both sides of the anus. As well, neutering your Labrador removes the risk of testicular cancer which is mostly seen in intact male dogs. There are some behavioral issues related to neutering that are worth mentioning. There are however some behavioral issues that are related to male hormones. These can be things such as roaming, mounting other dogs, attraction to female dogs, urine marking and even aggression. Good Labrador Retriever breeders would do this in their breeding programs, however, I have never seen an aggressive Labrador who has been trained and cared for properly. Normally an aggressive dog will be neglected or abused which ends up training them to act that way. Neutering may help to dampen or eliminate any behaviors that are related to the hormones. So there are many points that require your consideration, advice from your breeder and advice from your Veterinarian. In the world we live in today we are all trying to do the absolute best we can for our pets. We cannot, however play God. So once you have enough information sit with your family and have a brief discussion. Weigh the pros and cons of spaying and neutering and then make your decision. Then, forget about it. Once your decision has been made return to enjoying your Lab puppy for the time you have with them.